Ansiedad y depresión en el profesorado a causa de la pandemia de covid-19

Danielle Rocio de Souza Arns Steiner; Maria do Carmo Duarte Freitas; Marco Antonio do Socorro Marques Ribeiro Bessa

doi:10.24310/ijne.17.2026.21253

Authors

Danielle Rocio de Souza Arns Steiner Federal University of Paraná
Brazil
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5929-3158
Maria do Carmo Duarte Freitas Federal University of Paraná
Brazil
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7046-6020
Marco Antonio do Socorro Marques Ribeiro Bessa Federal University of Paraná
Brazil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/ijne.17.2026.21253

Keywords:

anxiety, depression, public education, teacher, mental health

Abstract

This work deals with an investigation on the evaluation of symptoms of mental disorders applied to primary school teachers of a municipal school network due to the Covid-19 pandemic. After bibliographic research on the most studied disorders in the literature, anxiety and depression disorders were selected as the symptoms to be analyzed using the Beck inventory questionnaires. The survey was applied to teachers in Pinhais, a municipality located in Brazil. The results indicated a low percentage of severe cases for both disorders, with anxiety being more common than depression. The research concluded that the highest concentration of moderate or severe cases is concentrated in the 40-49 age group, among people who were already in psychiatric treatment before the pandemic, and among those who have had some sequelae as a result of having been infected by the virus. The outcome evaluation also showed a lack of teacher turnover, with a preponderance of older, longer-serving teachers. The data can help guide public policy on teacher mental health by identifying those needing specialized care.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agyapong, B., Obuobu-Donkor, G., Burback, L., Wei, Y (2022). Stress, Burnout, Anxiety and depression among teachers: a scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Heatlh, 19 (17), 10706. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710706

Almhdawi, K. A., Obeidat, D., Kanaan, S. F., Hajela, N., Bsoul, M., Arabiat, A., Alazrai, A., Jaber, H., Alrabbaie, H. (2021). University professors’ mental and physical well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic and distance teaching. Work, 69 (4), 1154-1161. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-205276

Baker, C. N., Peele, H., Daniels, M., Saybe, M., Whalen, K., Overstreet, S. (2021). The Experience of COVID-19 and Its Impact on Teachers’ Mental Health, Coping, and Teaching. School Psychology Review, 50, 1–14, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/2372966X.2020.1855473

Calvo-Paz, M., Guevara-Ramirez, J., Zapata-Lopez, J. S., Realpe-Martinez, D. L. (2022). Equilibrio ocupacional durante el confinamiento por Covid-19 en docentes de terapia ocupacional de una institución universitaria. Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional, 30, e3242. https://doi.org/10.1590/2526-8910.ctoAO247832423

Cordeiro, A. L., Vivian, G. J., Busanello-Stella, A. R. (2023). University professors’ quality of life and posture during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fisioterapia em Movimento, 36 https://doi.org/10.1590/fm.2023.36122

Cruz-Ausejo, L., Osada, J., Rueda-Torres, L., Lastra, N. B. I., Carrasco-Muñoz, M. A., Vera-Ponce, V. J. (2023). Physical activity level and factors associated with perceived stress among Peruvian university professors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon, 9 (6), e16439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16439

Cunha, J. A. (2001). Manual da versão em português das Escalas Beck. São Paulo: Casa do psicólogo.

Cunha, C. de M., Pereira, E. M., Souto, M. C. R., Sá, L. B., Silva, H. B. M. da, Brito, E. de, Santana, M. L. P. de. (2023). Factors associated with body image dissatisfaction in a Brazilian university sample during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Education, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1044727

Freitas, R. F., Ramos, D. S., Freitas, T. F., De Souza, G. R., Pereira, É. J., Lessa, A. do C. (2021). Prevalência e fatores associados aos sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse em professores universitários durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, 70 (4). https://doi.org/10.1590/0047-2085000000348

Freitas, C. M., Barcellos, C., Villela, D. A. M., Portela, M. C., Reia, L. C., Guimarães, R. M., Xavier, D. R., Saldanha, R. de F., Mafano, I. V. (2023). Observatório Covid-19 Fiocruz - uma análise da evolução da pandemia de fevereiro de 2020 a abril de 2022. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 28 (10), 2845-2855. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320232810.10412023

Gandini, R. de C., Martins, M. do C. F., Ribeiro, M. de P., Santos, D. T. G. (2007). Inventário de Depressão de Beck - BDI: validação fatorial para mulheres com câncer. Psico USF, 12 (1), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-82712007000100004

Gil, A. C. (2008). Métodos e técnicas da pesquisa social. 6. ed. São Paulo: Atlas.

Gomes, N. P., Carvalho, M. R. da S., Silva, A. F. da, Moita, C. E., Santos, J. R. L., Couto, T. M., Carvalho, L. C. de, Almeida, L. C. G. de. (2021). Saúde mental de docentes universitários em tempos de covid-19. Saúde e Sociedade. 30 (2), e200605 https://doi.org.10.1590/s0104-12902021200605

Guimarães-Teixeira, E., Machado, A. V., Lopes Neto, D., Costa, L. S., Garrido, P. H. S., Aguiar Filho, W., Soares, R. de S., Santos, B. R. dos, Cruz, E. A. da, Contrera, M. A., Delgado, P. G. G. (2023). Comorbidades e saúde mental dos trabalhadores da saúde no Brasil. O impacto da pandemia da COVID-19. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 28 (10), 2823-2832. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320232810.10192023

Han, Q., Zheng, B. Agostini, M., Bélanger, J. J., Gützkow, B., Kreiekamp, J., Reitsema, A. M., Van Breen, J. A., Leander, N. P. (2021). Associations of Risk Perception of COVID-19 with Emotion and Mental Health during the Pandemic. Journal of Affective Disorders, 284 (1), 247–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.049

Hirshberg, M. J., Davidson, R. J., Goldberg, S. B. (2023). Educators Are Not Alright: Mental Health During COVID-19. Educational Researcher, 52 (1), 48-52. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X221142595

Machado, M. H., Campos, F., Haddad, A. E., Santos Neto, P. M., Machado, A. V., Santana, V. G. D., Marengue, H. da C. O., Santos, R. P. de O., Mauaie, C. C., Freire, N. P. (2023). Transformações no mundo do trabalho em saúde: os(as) trabalhadores(as) e desafios futuros. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 28 (10), 2773-2784. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320232810.10702023

Matielo, E., Aartmann, E., Costa, M. S. da; Meneses, M. N., Silva, P. F. A. da. (2023) Associações entre as características sociodemográficas e de saúde dos trabalhadores do Ministério da Saúde e COVID-19. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 28 (10), 2879-2889. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320232810.10062023

Meneguel, S. N., Ribeiro, R. H., Oliveira, D. C. de. (2022). Grupos virtuais no enfrentamento do medo e da morte durante a epidemia de covid-19: contribuições da saúde coletiva. Saúde e Sociedade, 31 (1). https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-12902022210294

Merchán-Sanmarin, B., Brocel-Bajaña, M., Pambabay-Calero, J., Bauz-Olvera, S., Montalván-Burbano, N., Aguilar-Aguilar, M., Carrión-Mero, P. (2022). Multivariate Analysis on Physical Activity, Emotional and Health Status of University Students Caused by COVID-19 Confinement. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19 (17), 11016. https://doi;org/10.3390/ijerph191711016

Nabe-Nielsen, K., Christensen, K. B., Fuglsang, N. V., Larsen, I., Nilsson, C. J. (2022). The effect of COVID-19 on schoolteachers’ emotional reactions and mental health: Longitudinal results from the CLASS study. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 95, 855–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01806-8

Penninx, B. W. J. H., Benros, M. E., Klein, R. S., Vinkers, C. H. (2022). How COVID-19 shaped mental health: from infection to pandemic effects. Nature Medicine, 28, 2027-2037. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-02028-2

Pucinelli, C. M., Oliveira, A. A. de, Nelson Filho, P., Silva, L. A. B. da, Castro, G. P. A. de, Lima, R. B., Silva, R. A. B. da. (2022). Online teaching, quality of life and anxiety of Brazilian dental professors during the COVID-19 outbreak. Brazilian Oral Research, 36. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0036

Ribeiro, B. M. dos S. S., Scorsolini-Comin, F., Dalri, R. de C. de M. B. (2020). Ser docente en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19: reflexiones sobre la salud mental. Index Enfermeria, 29 (3), 137-141. https://ciberindex.com/c/ie/e12983

Robles-Ojeda, F. J., Galicia-Moyeda, I. X., Sánchez-Velasco, A. (2023). Satisfaction and Stress in Teachers by Cause of Remote Activities due to COVID-19 contingency. Revista Electrónica Educare, 27 (1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.15359/ree.27-1.14499

Santamaria, M. D., Mondragon, N. I., Santxo, N. B., Ozamiz-Etxexbarria, N. (2021). Teacher stress, anxiety and depression at the beginning of the academic year during the COVID-19 pandemic. Global Mental Health, 12 (8), e14. https://doi.org/10.1017/gmh.2021.14

Santos, G. M. R. F. dos, Silva, M. E. da, Belmonte, B. do R. (2021). COVID-19: emergency remote teaching and university professors’ mental health. Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil, 21 (1), 237-243. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9304202100S100013

Selaimen, C., Brilante, D. P., Grossi, M. L., Grossi, P. K. (2007). Avaliação da depressão e de testes neuropsicológicos em pacientes com desordens temporomandibulares. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 12 (6), 1629-1639. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232007000600024

Sena, E. L. da S., Ribeiro, D. B. Peixoto, L. C. P., Santos, V. T. C. dos, Reis, H. F. T., Carvalho, P. A. L. de. (2023). Terapia comunitária como estratégia de promoção da saúde mental de docentes na pandemia de COVID-19. Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem, 44. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2023.20210133.pt

Serra, S. T., Taquette, S. R., Bteshe, M., Corrêa, L. M., Mattos, A. V. V. (2021). Necessidade de mudanças na educação médica e a percepção de professores antes da pandemia da Covid-19. Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação, 25 (1), e200868. https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.200868

Shaughnessy, J. J., Zechmeister, E. B., Zechmeister, J. J. (2012). Metodologia de pesquisa em psicologia. Porto Alegre: AMG.

Steele, B. J. (2021). Nowhere to run to, nowhere to hide: inescapable dread in the 2020s. Journal of International Relations and Development, 24 (4), 1037-1043. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-021-00234-y

Tempski, P., Danila, A. H., Arantes-Costa, F. M., Siqueira, M. A. M., Torsani, M. B., Martins, M. A. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: time for medical teachers and students to overcome grief. Clinics, 75, e2206. https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2020/e2206

Varela, R., Della Santa, R. (2021). Pandæmonium educacional? Para um manifesto docente contra a “distância social". Revista em Pauta, 19 (48), 183-202. https://doi.org/10.12957/REP.2021.60306

Winters, J. R. de F., Nogueira, D. R., Heidemann, I. T. S. B., Durand, M. K., Magagnin, A. B., Arakawa-Belaunde, A. M. (2023). Remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic: repercussions from professors’ perspective. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 76 (1). https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0172

Yanez, R. J. V., Fernández, J. A. C., Coffre, J. A. F., Agular, G. M. V. (2021). Estrés percibido asociado a la pandemia por COVID-19 en la ciudad de Guayaquil, Ecuador. Boletin de Malariologia y Salud Ambiental, 61 (1), 38-46. https://doi.org/10.52808/bmsa.7e5.611.006

Zapata-Garibay, R., González-Fagoaga, J. E., Asadi-González, A. A., Martinez-Alvarado, J. R., Chavez-Baray, S. M., Plascencia-López, I., González-Fagoaga, C. J. (2021). Mental Health Stressors in Higher Education Instructors and Students in Mexico During the Emergency Remote Teaching Implementation due to COVID-19. Frontiers in Education, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.670400