Claridades. Revista de filosofía
type: channel
description: Claridades. Revista de Filosofía, published by FICUM and UMAEditorial, is an international philosophy journal aimed at professors, students and students of the discipline. It publishes original research articles written preferably in Spanish, although it admits originals in English and German. The magazine is interested in all areas of philosophy, is open to all currents of thought and does not discriminate between them. The works submitted for the consideration of the journal are evaluated anonymously by external specialists. FICUM organizes annually a symposium in which all the works published in the annual number of the journal are submitted to dialogue and debate. Indexed in: Scopus, JCR de WoS, REDIB, The Philosopher’s Index, ISOC- CC. Sociales y Humanidades, DOAJ, DIALNET, ÍnDICEs-CSIC, Latindex, Dulcinea, Miar, Sherpa/RoMEO, ZDB, EZB, COPAC, WorldCat. Evaluation: Ranking iberoamericano REDIB 2021 (Q1), ranking de visibilidad e impacto FECYT 2021 (C4), ranking JCI de WoS 2021 (Q4), CIRC 2025 (A), Carhus Plus+ 2025 (A), ERIH PLUS 2016, Latindex 2015 (en su catálogo 2.0 desde 2018), SJR 2022 (Q3), IDR Dialnet 2023 (C2) Accreditations: International Accreditation ESCI (in Web of Sciencie Core Collection) and National Accreditation FECYT (sello nacional de calidad editorial y científica FECYT (desde 2019)
publisher: Asociación para la promoción de la filosofía y la cultura en Málaga (FICUM) y UMAEditorial
language: en
publication name: Claridades. Revista de filosofía
issn: 1889-6855
copyright: Esta revista provee acceso libre inmediato a su contenido bajo el principio de hacer disponible gratuitamente la investigación al público. Todos los contenidos publicados en Claridades. Revista de Filosofía, están sujetos a la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimento-NoComercia-Compartirigual 4.0 cuyo texto completo puede consultar en <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0> Es responsabilidad de los autores/as obtener los permisos necesarios de las imágenes que están sujetas a derechos de autor. Los autores/as cuyas contribuciones sean aceptadas para su publicación en esta revista conservarán el derecho no exclusivo de utilizar sus contribuciones con fines académicos, de investigación y educativos, incluyendo el auto-archivo o depósito en repositorios de acceso abierto de cualquier tipo. La edición electrónica de esta revista esta editada por la Editorial de la Universidad de Málaga (UmaEditorial), siendo necesario citar la procedencia en cualquier reproducción parcial o total.
items: Conscience and coherence between the two-in-one.
items: Theology and Gender in Arcangela Tarabotti´ s Critique of Forced Enclosure
items: Empathy, otherness and culture.
items: Evil as a Mystery of Freedom in the Philosophy of Vladimir Soloviev and Nikolai Berdyaev
items: The figures of Robinson.
items: The Mitological time in the Logic of sense of G. Deleuze.
items: Deleuze cum Spinoza.
items: Lasst alle Hoffnung fahren, die ihr eingeht!
items: Existence is –still– magical
items: Gestar sin parir, criar sin familia
items: La relación entre φρόνησις y la buena disposición del alma: hacía una lectura de los fragmentos 3 y 9 del Protréptico de Aristóteles
items: Mathematical realism of the Pythagorean triad and the vesica piscis
items: Walter Benjamin and Judith Butler
items: Kitsune’s Hermeneutics
items: Life and void
items: Nietzsche and the affirmation of life
items: Telling and listening to the truth
items: Universal Planetary Life.
items: “The table penholders the book” Nonsense?
items: Dichotomous Europe in the response to the Artificial Intelligence dilemma
items: The Other who calls us
items: Sin and redemption in the life and work of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky
items: DUNS ESCOTO Y LA VOLUNTAD: AUTONOMÍA SIN VOLUNTARISMO
items: Ontotechnological considerations on the human being and Artificial Intelligence:
items: «Sumus in via»
items: Conditions of possibility of mental attributions in the human-artificial intelligence dyad
items: Singularity? Limitations, possibilities, and differences of artificial intelligence compared to human intelligence
items: The human in the medical anthropology of A. Damasio
items: Ethics and public values as a guide for action in the face of the expansion of artificial intelligence:
items: On Hegel and Romantic Infinity

Conscience and coherence between the two-in-one.
type: item
description: In this article we propose an approach to the phenomenon of moral behavior based on the philosophy of Hannah Arendt. This phenomenon will be analyzed from the conscience’s manifestations, showing that searching for coherence of the self with itself would not only imply the participation of the faculties of thinking and judgment but also of memory, productive and reproductive imagination, and the will. Following the distinction of the “moments” of Arendtian conscience mentioned by Jerome Kohn in the notes to Responsibility and Judgment, we analyze how the indicated faculties participate in the manifestation of conscience as 1. Witness, 2. That which judges in myself about myself, 3. My faculty of judgment and 4. An inner voice, this for the purpose of understanding its participation in moral conduct.
subject: STUDIES
  topic: section
subject: conscience
  topic: keywords
subject: moral behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: thinking
  topic: keywords
subject: judment
  topic: keywords
subject: memory
  topic: keywords
subject: will
  topic: keywords
subject: Hannah Arendt
  topic: keywords
creator: Maria Camila Sanabria Cucalón
creator: Francisco Martín Díez Fischer
creator: Juan Fernando García Castro
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Maria Camila Sanabria Cucalón, Francisco Martín Díez Fischer, Juan Fernando García Castro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-11-15
publication date: 2024-11-15
starting page: 39
ending page: 81
doi: 10.24310/crf.17.2.2025.18473

Theology and Gender in Arcangela Tarabotti´ s Critique of Forced Enclosure
type: item
description: In this article my aim is to analyse the particular reading of Genesis realized by Arcangela Tarabotti (1604-1652) in her most famous work, Tirannia paterna. In this reading, both her reinterpretation of the creation of woman and the figure of Eve occupy a central place and serve as arguments in her defence of the female sex in toto and, in particular, in her condemnation of forced enclosure —a practice that was very fashionable in the 17th century´s Venice and even suffered by the author herself—. In the Tarabottian interpretation, the woman appears more noble, refined, strong and dignified than the man not only because of the way she was created, but also because she is the reason why the human being as whole attains perfection. Likewise, in the vision of the Venetian nun, the figure of Eve is valued for representing the thirst for knowledge of all women.
subject: STUDIES
  topic: section
subject: Tarabotti
  topic: keywords
subject: Venice
  topic: keywords
subject: theology
  topic: keywords
subject: protofeminism
  topic: keywords
subject: convent
  topic: keywords
creator: Agustín Bianchi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Agustín Bianchi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-11-15
publication date: 2024-11-15
starting page: 11
ending page: 37
doi: 10.24310/crf.17.2.2025.19017

Empathy, otherness and culture.
type: item
description: This paper starts from this question: How does one person know a different one? How can one possess personal knowledge of the other without disconnecting it from the cultural and one’s own self-knowledge? At fierts, we will briefly argue, following second Wittgenstein’s thesis, the asymmetry between the self and the other in the process of knowledge. Then, this asymmetry should allow and encompass the world in its «objectivity», that is, in its «cultural sphere» according to Clifford Geertz, and finally, this asymmetry and cultural objectivity should not hinder the real and profound knowledge of another person who is simultaneously in the world, from the notion of empathy of Edith Stein.
subject: STUDIES
  topic: section
subject: Geertz
  topic: keywords
subject: Wittgenstein
  topic: keywords
subject: Edith Stein
  topic: keywords
subject: Ortherness
  topic: keywords
subject: culture
  topic: keywords
subject: empathy
  topic: keywords
creator: Enrique Anrubia
creator: Feliciana
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Enrique Anrubia, Feliciana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-11-15
publication date: 2024-11-15
starting page: 83
ending page: 112
doi: 10.24310/crf.17.2.2025.19428

Evil as a Mystery of Freedom in the Philosophy of Vladimir Soloviev and Nikolai Berdyaev
type: item
description: The aim of this article is to present the concept of evil in Soloviev and Berdyaev´s philosophy as an original approach that has to do with the simultaneous understanding of human nature and freedom. Both of them considered that evil is a force, a possibility of freedom, whose only way to defeat it is by assuming the ethical task of the human being to collaborate with the divine. That is why we will analyze from Soloviev the figure of the Antichrist, as a symbol of the human being who has broken his ties with the divine; For Berdyaev, the only way to overcome evil, or to defeat it, represents the most important ethical task since evil is a necessity in the process of spiritual transformation of the human being. That is, its construction depends on the strength to fight against evil.
subject: STUDIES
  topic: section
subject: evil
  topic: keywords
subject: freedom
  topic: keywords
subject: ethical task
  topic: keywords
subject: personality
  topic: keywords
subject: Soloviev
  topic: keywords
subject: Berdyaev
  topic: keywords
creator: Catalina Elena Dobre
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Catalina Elena Dobre https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-01-28
publication date: 2025-01-28
starting page: 113
ending page: 136
doi: 10.24310/crf.17.2.2025.20097

The figures of Robinson.
type: item
description: This paper seeks to explore the traits of modern individualism through the different figures of the Robinson myth. To do this, we will examine Daniel Defoe's original novel, how it was received initially, and the "robinsonades" that Karl Marx criticized. We will also look at Michel Tournier's adaptation of the story and Gilles Deleuze’s insights in his article “Tournier, or the world without others.” Additionally, we will analyze Deleuze’s broader philosophical work, especially the notion of Idea in Difference and Repetition, the forms of socius of The Anti-Oedipus and the haecceities with their determination of the surface -longitude and latitude- in A Thousand Plateaus. Our goal is to demonstrate that instead of a world without others, Tournier and Deleuze offer a new understanding of "the other," leading to a fresh view of social relationships which precede ontologically the individuals that compose them.
subject: QUAESTIONES DISPUTATAE
  topic: section
creator: Julian Ferreyra
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Julian Ferreyra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-04
publication date: 2025-09-04
starting page: 229
ending page: 264
doi: 10.24310/crf.17.2.2025.20657

The Mitological time in the Logic of sense of G. Deleuze.
type: item
description: This study examines the philosophical treatment of time in the work of Gilles Deleuze based on an analysis of the concepts of Cronus and Aion. To this end, it traces their origins in Greek mythology and Stoic philosophy in order to situate Deleuze’s reworking within the broader context of tradition. The work argues that Deleuze’s reinterpretation of metaphysics, by departing from classical causal frameworks, opens up new possibilities for philosophical research, particularly with regard to the redefinition of the relationships between cause, effect, and becoming. From an interdisciplinary perspective that articulates mythology, ancient philosophy, and contemporary thought, this study seeks to show how the concepts of Cronus and Aion operate as conceptual keys for rethinking not only deleuzian ontologies, but also their ethical and political reverberations.
subject: QUAESTIONES DISPUTATAE
  topic: section
subject: Gilles Deleuze
  topic: keywords
subject: Metaphysics
  topic: keywords
subject: Chronos
  topic: keywords
subject: Aion
  topic: keywords
subject: Stoicism
  topic: keywords
subject: Archeology
  topic: keywords
subject: Mythology
  topic: keywords
creator: Álvaro Márquez Guerrero
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Álvaro Márquez Guerrero https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-08
publication date: 2025-09-08
starting page: 265
ending page: 288
doi: 10.24310/crf.17.2.2025.20891

Deleuze cum Spinoza.
type: item
description: According to Deleuze, ethics is the art of inventing new ways of thinking, feeling, desiring and acting in order to organize new collective ways of life that are antihierarchical and non-representative (self-emancipation and self-determination). Following the texts of Deleuze and Spinoza, in this article we propose to contrast morality as a transcendent «system of judgement» and ethics as an immanent «system of proof», in order to proceed from there to pose two psycho-sexual political problems: (a) the possibility of going beyond the representative democratic State (democratic Imperium) towards an acratic society or one of crowned anarchy (question for a new social politics); (b) the possibility of going beyond dominant sexuality towards a sexuality of univocity of non-human sex (question for a new sexual ethics).
subject: QUAESTIONES DISPUTATAE
  topic: section
subject: Desire
  topic: keywords
subject: sexuality
  topic: keywords
subject: state
  topic: keywords
subject: crowned anarchy
  topic: keywords
creator: Juan Pablo Esperon
creator: Martín Chicolino
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Juan Pablo Esperon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-03
publication date: 2025-10-03
starting page: 157
ending page: 228
doi: 10.24310/crf.17.2.2025.19249

Lasst alle Hoffnung fahren, die ihr eingeht!
type: item
description: The text maintains that the ontological argument, in its idealist version, does not seek to prove the existence of God, but rather to express a philosophical attitude unconcerned with the mere concrete existence of things
subject: STUDIES
  topic: section
creator: andres quero sanchez
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 andres quero sanchez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-01-07
publication date: 2026-01-07

Existence is –still– magical
type: item
description: Rilke’s oeuvre is widely regarded as one of the major hermeneutic challenges posed by twentieth-century literature. This article seeks to offer an interpretation of a particular movement that emerges during Rilke’s visionary phase: a transformation of subjectivity that engenders a fundamentally different mode of engagement with the world. This movement can be traced through a close reading of the Duino Elegies and the Sonnets to Orpheus. The radical transformation of subjectivity enacted in Rilke’s work—especially in his later period—results in a reconfiguration of the human relation to the world. We aim to examine this reconfiguration through the lens of the role that technique plays in the Sonnets to Orpheus. Our inquiry begins by situating Rilke, drawing on Heidegger’s perspective, as a poet writing at the end of metaphysics. From this point of departure, we will attempt to elucidate what poetry signifies for Rilke himself. The central part of our study will consist in a reading of the Duino Elegies and the Sonnets to Orpheus, through which we will articulate and substantiate our principal thesis.
subject: STUDIES
  topic: section
creator: José Luis Ucha Serrano
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 José Luis Ucha Serrano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-09
publication date: 2026-03-09

Gestar sin parir, criar sin familia
type: item
description: This article analyzes the genealogy of technopolitical feminism through two key moments: Shulamith Firestone’s radical critique of biological motherhood and her defense of artificial reproduction, and the xenofeminist project, which updates her intuitions from a postnaturalist, queer, and technomaterialist perspective. It argues that feminist emancipation requires liberating gestation and diversifying child-rearing through a technopolitical mutation that transforms bodies, bonds, and modes of life. In this context, technology emerges as a strategic tool for dismantling the structures that naturalize inequality and for imagining non-normative, post-identitarian, and emancipatory forms of existence.
subject: STUDIES
  topic: section
subject: Shulamith Firestone
  topic: keywords
subject: Xenofeminism
  topic: keywords
subject: Technopolitics
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial Reproduction
  topic: keywords
subject: Non-normative Child-rearing
  topic: keywords
creator: Brais González Arribas
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Brais González Arribas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-17
publication date: 2025-12-17

La relación entre φρόνησις y la buena disposición del alma: hacía una lectura de los fragmentos 3 y 9 del Protréptico de Aristóteles
type: item
description: The Protrepticus was an exhortative book in which Aristotle attempted to persuade readers of the relevance of philosophizing. Although, to achieve this, Aristotle would have tried to demonstrate that man reaches his fullness and, therefore, happiness when he exercises his proper function: knowing the first principles and causes (fragment 6), in fragments 3 and 9 he would have adopted a related but different perspective. In both fragments, he would have tried to prove that happiness does not lie in the possession of riches and power or in the satisfaction of pleasures, but in the good disposition (fragment 3) or health of the soul ((fragment 9), that is, through the acquisition of φρόνησις, and, therefore, of philosophy. By arguing this, he gives his philosophical ideary a practical dimension that is central to the text. In this work, we are interested in focusing on this issue, which, although it has been relatively addressed in relation to the Protrepticus, has not been explored in depth.
subject: STUDIES
  topic: section
subject: : Philosophy
  topic: keywords
subject: phrónesis
  topic: keywords
subject: disposition of the soul
  topic: keywords
subject: state of fullness
  topic: keywords
subject: Aristotle
  topic: keywords
creator: claudia Seggiaro
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 claudia Seggiaro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-01
publication date: 2025-08-01

Mathematical realism of the Pythagorean triad and the vesica piscis
type: item
description: ABSTRACT: The Pythagorean triad expresses the structure of the particles that constitute the atom from the initial chaos of nucleotides through trefoil knots. The series of natural numbers in its first hundred corresponds to the atomic number of the elements of the periodic table. Peano's axiomatics corresponds to the Pythagorean triad and to the conception of the number 3 as the first number proper. The geometric expression of the Pythagorean triad and tetraktys is expressed geometrically in the vesica piscis, in the molecular structure of inorganic and organic compounds and in the theory of knots.
subject: STUDIES
  topic: section
subject: Methematical realism
  topic: keywords
subject: number
  topic: keywords
subject: triad
  topic: keywords
subject: atomns
  topic: keywords
subject: elementary particles
  topic: keywords
subject: Peano
  topic: keywords
subject: vesica piscis
  topic: keywords
subject: trefoil knot
  topic: keywords
creator: Jacinto Choza Armenta
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Jacinto Choza Armenta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-10-09
publication date: 2024-10-09
starting page: 11
ending page: 37
doi: 10.24310/crf.17.1.2025.16906

Walter Benjamin and Judith Butler
type: item
description: The following article poses some questions about violence in the articulation of critical considerations contained in texts by Walter Benjamin and Judith Butler. We recognize Butler as an attentive reader of Benjamin's work, who has been able to take up the power of his work and turn it into a valuable theoretical input for her reflections. Through an anachronistic journey through texts and commentaries, the reading hypothesis rehearses a dialogue that explores points of rapprochement and distance in relation to the form that the critique of violence has taken in each author. Considering the points of rapprochement and distance, the discussion on the true state of exception, the link between Messianic reflection and ethics, temporality, and interruption as a mode of political intervention appears. A dialogue that attempts, in summary, a critical task of violence attentive to its reproduction but also to its points of escape.
subject: STUDIES
  topic: section
subject: Normative violence
  topic: keywords
subject: temporality
  topic: keywords
subject: critique
  topic: keywords
subject: interruption
  topic: keywords
creator: María Victoria Dahbar
creator: Sasha Hilas
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 María Victoria Dahbar, Sasha Hilas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-10-16
publication date: 2024-10-16
starting page: 39
ending page: 72
doi: 10.24310/crf.17.1.2025.15203

Kitsune’s Hermeneutics
type: item
description: The present paper ventures on an amazing journey among the ontological principles of philosophical Hermeneutics, with the purpose of establishing a comparative dialogue with procedures taken from Shintoism. Thus the text focuses particularly on the way in which Heidegger approaches the notion of being and how he tries to overcome the problem of metaphysics. With this aim, it will be taken a critical eye on the formulation of Dasein as well as carefully analyzed the corresponding process of de-substantiation of being. In order to do so it will be mentioned appropriated Shintoist motifs, such as the sacred mirror and the kitsune (the messenger fox that mimics Hermes in the role of the Hermeneutics’ god). Likewise, selected theoretical aspects by Gadamer and Vattimo will be considered. In this sense, the paper addresses a rare topic and methodologically develops a transversal exercise which proposes revisiting ontological Hermeneutics.
subject: STUDIES
  topic: section
subject: hermeneutics
  topic: keywords
subject: ontology
  topic: keywords
subject: shintoism
  topic: keywords
creator: María del Carmen Molina Barea
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 María del Carmen Molina Barea https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-10-16
publication date: 2024-10-16
starting page: 135
ending page: 186
doi: 10.24310/crf.17.1.2025.15321

Life and void
type: item
description: This paper studies Fichte's rejection of the concepts of wit (Witz) and irony as it appears in the work Grundzüge des gegenwärtigen Zeitalters (1806). It is emphasized that this is the critique of a particular form of wit and irony, namely romantic. More rigorously, the opposition is shown with respect to the way in which Fichte alludes to the role of these concepts in subjective life, in relation to how Friedrich Schlegel reflects on them. The affinity between Fichte's theory and Hegel's philosophical development of the concept of irony - also insofar as the latter analyzes Schlegel's philosophy - is also highlighted. On this basis, it is hypothesized that Fichte's and Hegel's rejection of Schlegel's wit and irony is based on a religious and dogmatic overturning of their idealistic philosophical ideas. In parallel with this reading, it is stressed that it is only from the enhancement of Schlegel's consideration of the concepts studied -prior to his own turn towards religion and dogmatism-, that idealist -and romantic- philosophy can remain as a thought, besides coherent, valuable when conceiving the development of the existence of the subject in the world as a void in constant process of being filled.
subject: STUDIES
  topic: section
subject: Wit
  topic: keywords
subject: irony
  topic: keywords
subject: idea
  topic: keywords
subject: romanticism
  topic: keywords
subject: idealism
  topic: keywords
subject: dogmatism
  topic: keywords
creator: Lucas Damián Scarfia
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Lucas Damián Scarfia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-10-16
publication date: 2024-10-16
starting page: 73
ending page: 105
doi: 10.24310/crf.17.1.2025.15713

Nietzsche and the affirmation of life
type: item
description: My intention is to develop a reading of what would be implied in the thought of the eternal return from the horizon of the affirmation of life. From here we can read this «doctrine» in a way that, although it does not deny its cosmological or selective reading, somehow exceeds it. For this endeavor, I will examine what is at stake in the death of God and its link with metaphysical truth, to move on to the idea of how the spirit of revenge is what operates in the will of truth, and how its redemption gives rise to the eternal return. Finally, I attempt an interpretation of the idea of return, first in its cosmological (nihilistic) sense, then as affirming the inexhaustible plurality of the living.
subject: STUDIES
  topic: section
subject: eternal return
  topic: keywords
subject: death of God
  topic: keywords
subject: spirit of revenge
  topic: keywords
subject: will to truth
  topic: keywords
subject: nihilism
  topic: keywords
creator: Luis Felipe Oyarzun Montes
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Luis Felipe Oyarzun Montes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-10-16
publication date: 2024-10-16
starting page: 237
ending page: 281
doi: 10.24310/crf.17.1.2025.16639

Telling and listening to the truth
type: item
description: On the basis of a number of scattered references found in the last courses that Michel Foucault taught at the Collège de France and a systematic reading of the original sources of ancient philosophy, this article analyses the Greek notion of parrhesia, not in the political sense that it also possesses, but in terms of its masterful aspects. From this perspective, parrhesia can be defined as the frank speech with which a master of philosophy reveals to his disciples what they truly are. Firstly, it is a matter of exploring the concept in depth by defining and establishing eight defining principles. Secondly, the aim is to prove that parrhesia did indeed shape ancient philosophical training through a study of some of the most prominent masters of the time.
subject: STUDIES
  topic: section
subject: Ancient history
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational history
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational philosophy
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Michel Foucault
  topic: keywords
creator: Edgar Gili Gal
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Edgar Gili Gal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-10-16
publication date: 2024-10-16
starting page: 107
ending page: 133
doi: 10.24310/crf.17.1.2025.17337

Universal Planetary Life.
type: item
description: Hegel deals with universal planetary life in §392 of the Encyclopaedia. This paragraph has been little treated, but it is relevant because it is the first natural quality of human beings. It is based on the influence of the planets on human life in general, as on states of mind. With the overcoming of nature by the spirit, Hegel does not suppress this astrological influence, but it is preserved in the human being. The present research proposes a detailed analysis of this paragraph, considering the possibility that Kieser, a scientist unknown today, influenced the philosopher's thinking with his conception of tellurism.
subject: STUDIES
  topic: section
subject: Natural Soul
  topic: keywords
subject: Astrology
  topic: keywords
subject: German Idealism
  topic: keywords
subject: Mesmerism
  topic: keywords
subject: Tellurism
  topic: keywords
creator: Andrés Ortigosa
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Andrés Ortigosa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-10-16
publication date: 2024-10-16
starting page: 217
ending page: 236
doi: 10.24310/crf.17.1.2025.17828

“The table penholders the book” Nonsense?
type: item
description: The aim of this paper is to examine the wide problem of Bertrand Russell's multiple relation theory of judgment. Firstly, we will explain the fundamental ideas of that theory, which postulates that judgment is a relationship between the subject and a multiplicity of entities, and these appear in the judgment as mere objects. Then, we will analyze the traditional reading of the wide problem or the criticism of nonsense that Wittgenstein makes of said theory, whose core is synthesized in the idea that under the theory of judgment as a multiple relationship it is possible to judge nonsense, because nothing regulates that entities can be replaced by other entities of the incorrect logical genus. Finally, we will analyze what Wittgenstein raises about nonsense in the Tractatus. Based on this, we will conclude that there are two interpretations of the criticism of nonsense: the traditional reading, and the austere reading of nonsense.
subject: STUDIES
  topic: section
subject: multiple relation theory of judgment
  topic: keywords
subject: wide problem
  topic: keywords
subject: propositions
  topic: keywords
subject: nonsense
  topic: keywords
subject: Rusell
  topic: keywords
subject: Wittgenstein
  topic: keywords
creator: camila-rocío Riquelme-Fierro
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 camila-rocío Riquelme-Fierro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-10-16
publication date: 2024-10-16
starting page: 187
ending page: 215
doi: 10.24310/crf.17.1.2025.17918

Dichotomous Europe in the response to the Artificial Intelligence dilemma
type: item
description: European Union (EU) is a pioneer in implementing a legislative response to the dizzying proliferation of the uses of artificial intelligence (AI). It is subject to compliance with basic regulatory principles and values. Thus, it seeks to protect users from an AI characterized by its rapid progress and its unknown limits when it comes to influencing human beings. As opposed to more authoritarian visions for this technology as advocated by countries such as China, the European Union sponsors a more democratic, inclusive and protective treatment with respect to the hypothetical adverse effects in the face of an inordinate advance of artificial intelligence. Since 2018, an ambitious legislation has been advocated that will have its culmination in the approval of the Artificial Intelligence Regulation in February 2024. Thus, the ultimate goal is to ensure a correct use of this technology in concomitance with a necessary ethical vision.
subject: REFLEXIONES Y COMENTARIOS
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Fundamental Rights
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial Intelligence Law
  topic: keywords
subject: European Union
  topic: keywords
creator: Ricardo Gómez Laorga
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Ricardo Gómez Laorga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-19
publication date: 2024-12-19
starting page: 319
ending page: 346
doi: 10.24310/crf.17.1.2025.19392

The Other who calls us
type: item
description: In the article, the purpose is to identify some essential features of Lévinas’ ethical thinking, in order to detect its implications on the political level. Beginning from the critical analysis of Western philosophy, Emmanuel Lévinas motivates the choice that leads him to develop a new ethical conception based on the idea of Other, before considering it as otherness - that escapes any subject classification-, then rediscovering it within the subject himself. After considering Paul Ricœur’s discordant position, the attempt is to transpose the theory of ethics into a political level through a reflection starting from the work of Jacques Derrida on hospitability
subject: REFLEXIONES Y COMENTARIOS
  topic: section
subject: Levinas
  topic: keywords
subject: ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: hospitability
  topic: keywords
subject: other
  topic: keywords
subject: foreigner
  topic: keywords
creator: Fabio Scalese
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Fabio Scalese https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-08
publication date: 2025-07-08
starting page: 283
ending page: 300
doi: 10.24310/crf.17.1.2025.16070

Sin and redemption in the life and work of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky
type: item
description: In this paper the concepts of sin and redemption will be reviewed, contrasting them not only with Dostoevsky's work, but also with some milestones in his biography. In this way, we will try to demonstrate that there is a close autobiographical correlation between the author and his texts; this being probably one of the main reasons why, two hundred years after his birth, he still continues to amaze new readers of the 21st century.
subject: REFLEXIONES Y COMENTARIOS
  topic: section
subject: Dostoevsky
  topic: keywords
subject: sin
  topic: keywords
subject: redemption
  topic: keywords
subject: metaphysics
  topic: keywords
subject: aesthetics
  topic: keywords
subject: anthropology
  topic: keywords
subject: Christianity
  topic: keywords
creator: Manuel Díaz Márquez
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Manuel Díaz Márquez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-08
publication date: 2025-07-08
starting page: 301
ending page: 318
doi: 10.24310/crf.17.1.2025.17757

DUNS ESCOTO Y LA VOLUNTAD: AUTONOMÍA SIN VOLUNTARISMO
type: item
description: In the study of the history of ideas, the use of analytical categories is a common tool for describing, organizing, and synthesizing the positions of classical authors for pedagogical and expository purposes. However, the overuse of such categories can lead to oversimplifications that distort the understanding of their thought, as is the case with the characterization of Duns Scotus as a voluntarist. This interpretation places excessive emphasis on Scotus’s theses regarding self-determination and the primacy of the will, while overlooking the role of the intellect in human action. To fully grasp the complexity of Scotus’s thought, it is essential—following Jesús de Garay—to acknowledge the role that the intellect plays in human agency. This article aims to nuance the voluntarist reading of Scotus by providing a broader textual analysis. First, it examines the origins and uses of the term voluntarist. Next, it reconstructs the rational structure of the will in Scotus that has led to voluntarist interpretations. Finally, it discusses the limitations of this classification, concluding that it is essential to refine the distinction between the appetitive and natural dimensions of the will and its autonomous and free dimension.
subject: QUAESTIONES DISPUTATAE
  topic: section
subject: Duns Scotus
  topic: keywords
subject: Voluntarism
  topic: keywords
subject: Jesús de Garay
  topic: keywords
subject: Affectio commodi
  topic: keywords
subject: Affectio iustitae
  topic: keywords
creator: Mauricio Lecon Rosales
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Mauricio Lecon Rosales https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-29
publication date: 2025-07-29

Ontotechnological considerations on the human being and Artificial Intelligence:
type: item
description: Technology has biases and is inserted in discursive and metaphorical networks that influence its own meaning and that of the participating actors. The elements that are part of these technological fabrics and generate associations are not accidental, they are supportive of modern science and are mediated by issues such as the idea of ​​objectivity or neutrality. Reconsidering the relationships between humans and technology allows us to adopt a new ontological perspective that questions the traditional separation between subject and object and historically established identities in order to understand the human being as a situated and performative entity. This article will try to unravel what links, similarities, symmetries and differences exist between the human and non-human, focusing on the technological field and, specifically, AI. To do this, a framework supportive of actor-network theory is used and human-AI associations and the agency of AI on the delimitation of the subject are explored.
subject: STUDIES
  topic: section
subject: Bruno Latour
  topic: keywords
subject: Michel Callon
  topic: keywords
subject: artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: natural
  topic: keywords
subject: science
  topic: keywords
subject: performance
  topic: keywords
creator: Marta Sánchez Viejo
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Marta Sánchez Viejo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 139
ending page: 157
doi: 10.24310/crf.16.2.2024.19039

«Sumus in via»
type: item
description: The question of the human being has been a constant in the history of thought, but specialists in the subject do not agree on what it is that qualifies human reality. The present article contributes to the open debate in philosophical anthropology since the thought of Xavier Zubiri. Basically attending to the work of this author, it presents what, in his opinion, constitutes what is specific to the human being, which is to be an open and projective reality. From here, important consequences are drawn for the present time.
subject: STUDIES
  topic: section
subject: anthropology
  topic: keywords
subject: projection
  topic: keywords
subject: Reality
  topic: keywords
subject: substantivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Zubiri
  topic: keywords
creator: Valentín Navarro Caro
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Valentín Navarro Caro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 79
ending page: 104
doi: 10.24310/crf.16.2.2024.19211

Conditions of possibility of mental attributions in the human-artificial intelligence dyad
type: item
description: This essay discusses the limits of mental attribution between humans and intelligent machines. Starting from the ontological presuppositions of functionalism and technological transhumanism that a strong Artificial Intelligence (strong-AI) with mental states could be feasible, I analyse the conditions of possibility of mental attribution in first, second and third person perspective between both agents. I conclude that, despite the enormous conceptual debate and the considerable technical difficulties of this undertaking, in case there was a strong-AI with cognitive abilities similar to ours there would be no nomological limits that prevent some kind of bidirectional, asymmetric and gradual mental attribution.
subject: STUDIES
  topic: section
subject: Artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: mental atribution
  topic: keywords
subject: psychological perspective
  topic: keywords
subject: theory of mind (ToM)
  topic: keywords
subject: transhumanism
  topic: keywords
creator: José Miguel Biscaia Fernández
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 José Miguel Biscaia Fernández https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 191
ending page: 213
doi: 10.24310/crf.16.2.2024.19290

Singularity? Limitations, possibilities, and differences of artificial intelligence compared to human intelligence
type: item
description: In this paper, we reflect on whether AI has reached the level of human intelligence, some of the reasons that lead us to that state of opinion, as well as on some of the fundamental differences between AI and human intelligence. We briefly review the historical development of AI and delineate the real capacities and important limitations of deep learning techniques, underlying most of the recent advancements in AI. We particularly explain the argument of how complex cognitive skills are inseparable from a biological body interacting with a physical and socio-cultural world. This view contradicts the dualist and cognitivist axiom on which IA is fundamentally based, which has been criticized as incomplete or partial. We finalize considering some current real risks of AI and some speculations on its future development.
subject: STUDIES
  topic: section
subject: artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: cognotivism
  topic: keywords
subject: neuroscience
  topic: keywords
subject: consciousness
  topic: keywords
subject: embodied cognition
  topic: keywords
creator: Pablo Carrera
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Pablo Carrera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 159
ending page: 189
doi: 10.24310/crf.16.2.2024.19654

The human in the medical anthropology of A. Damasio
type: item
description: The objective of this text is to define the concept that Antonio Damasio develops about man, the human and human intelligence. Antonio Damasio's main thesis is the hypothesis of the cerebral subject, a neural and materialist image of man based on the brain. For Antonio Damasio, the human is understood in terms of a complex interaction between the body, the mind and the environment. To do this, three key notions that define this idea in Antonio Damasio are presented: emotional reflection, sentimental ethics and the gradualist theory of consciousness. This will converge in Damasio's personal conception of intelligence, who emphasizes the importance of homeostasis in human intelligence. Our ability to adapt to the environment and make effective decisions is intrinsically linked to our ability to regulate our biological and emotional needs.
subject: STUDIES
  topic: section
subject: Antonio Damasio
  topic: keywords
subject: emotion
  topic: keywords
subject: feeling
  topic: keywords
subject: awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: homeostasis of the mental
  topic: keywords
subject: human intelligence
  topic: keywords
creator: Miguel Grijalba Uche
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Miguel Grijalba Uche https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 47
ending page: 78
doi: 10.24310/crf.16.2.2024.19663

Ethics and public values as a guide for action in the face of the expansion of artificial intelligence:
type: item
description: The accelerated expansion of disruptive technologies such as Generative Artificial Intelligence and its progressive application to the different spheres of society have evidenced the enormous transformative potential they possess, but also the great risks derived from their widespread use. On this basis, this article analyzes and reflects on the role that public authorities should play as the only institutions capable of preserving public ethics, public values and the common good in the face of technological development. Thus, the creation of public value and the preservation of public ethics must constitute a frame of reference for placing disruptive technologies at the service of citizens and building appropriate public governance. This proposal therefore reaffirms the importance of public authorities configuring an effective model of social governance of this disruptive technology, which should be understood as a priority aspect on the public agenda. Any other response from public institutions, whether passive, reactive or inhibitory, would jeopardize not only the management of public affairs, but also the very essence of the current representative democratic order.
subject: STUDIES
  topic: section
subject: public administrations
  topic: keywords
subject: public ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: disruptive technology
  topic: keywords
subject: public values
  topic: keywords
creator: Alberto Benitez-Amado
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Alberto Benitez-Amado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 105
ending page: 138
doi: 10.24310/crf.16.2.2024.19669

On Hegel and Romantic Infinity
type: item
description: In the context of the debate regarding the relationship between Hegel's good infinity and the infinity of the Romantics, the article defends the hypothesis that the Romantics did not so much seek to think infinity, but rather finitude. To do so, a brief genesis of the notion of infinity in modernity and its epistemological and metaphysical dimensions is offered. From there, the Romantic proposal is approached in aesthetic terms based on the reception of Spinoza and it is concluded that its proposal is that of "a good finitude", as opposed to the "good Hegelian infinity"
subject: REFLEXIONES Y COMENTARIOS
  topic: section
subject: Hegel, Infinito, Modernidad, Romanticismo, Spinoza
  topic: keywords
creator: Vicente Serrano Marín
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Vicente Serrano Marín https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-02-03
publication date: 2025-02-03