Contrastes. Revista Internacional de Filosofía
Contrastes. International Journal of Philosophy is a peer-reviewed, open-access research journal published quarterly by UMA Editorial. With an interdisciplinary approach, it encompasses the thematic fields of Philosophy, Moral and Political Philosophy, Logic and Philosophy of Science, and Aesthetics and Theory of the Arts. The articles published in Contrastes are indexed in SCOPUS (Q3), The Philosopher’s Index, Latindex, ISOC-Filosofía e Indice Español de Humanidades, FRANCIS-Philosophie, Réper-toire Bibliographique de la Philosophie, Bulletin Signalétique Philosophie, Informa-tionsdienst für Philosophie, Ulrich’s International Periodicals Directory, European Reference Index for the Humanities (ERIH), Red Iberoamericana de Innovación y Conocimiento Científico (REDIB), Dulcinea.
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Dilthey and the Anthropological Turn of Philosophy
This text is a critical analysis of the vision of human being contained in Dilthey’s hermeneutical philosophy of life. Dilthey based his early epistemology of the humanities on so-called descriptive psychology that anticipated the phenomenology of Husserl. I try to show that this concept is explicitly connected with a philosophical anthropology that tries to discover – on a basis of historical research of human culture – the universal categories describing the essence of human being. Because of reflecting on the corporeality of human existence Dilthey’s philosophy of life have some advantage over the phenomenology of Husserl and fundamental ontology of Heideggeer. Life is for him something more than a way of self-realization of consciousness: spiritual and cultural forms of life have some basis «im naturgebundenem Leben».
Copyright (c) 2020 Contrastes. Revista Internacional de Filosofía
Individuo y sociedad en la filosofía de Charles Taylor. Una aproximación desde el enfoque hermenéutic
RESUMEN En este artículo expongo la concepción de persona y sociedad en la filosofía de Charles Taylor. Para ello comienzo planteando la pregunta acerca de si es adecuado referirse a Taylor como “comunitarista” o, por el contrario, desde la hermenéutica es más preciso concebir una dimensión “dialógica” del sí mismo. De este modo llegamos a la expresión “individualismo holista” como propuesta a concebir la relación entre persona y sociedad. ya por último incidimos en el reconocimiento de bienes sociales irreductibles como una de las principales ventajas que comporta el enfoque hermenéutico desde el individualismo holista. PALABRAS CLAVE HERMENéUTICA, INDIVIDUALISMO HOLISTA, BIENES SOCIALES IRREDUCTIBLES, CHARLES TAYLOR ABSTRACT In this article I discuss the concept of self and society in Charles Taylor’s philosophy. To start with, I raise the question whether it is appropriate to refer to Taylor as “communitarian” or, according to hermeneutics, it is more accurate to refer to a “dialogical” dimension of the self instead. This discussion leads us to the term “holistic individualism” as a proposal to understand the relationship between person and society. Finally, I consider the irreducibility of social goods as one of the major benefits that entails the hermeneutical approach from the holistic individualism. KEYWORDS HERMENEUTICS, HOLISTIC INDIVIDUALISM, IRREDUCIBLE SOCIAL GOODS, CHARLES TAYLOR
Copyright (c) 2016 Contrastes. Revista Internacional de Filosofía
La ética empresarial como ética aplicada: Una propuesta de ética empresarial dialógica
¿Puede la neurobiología enseñarnos algo sobre la conciencia?
Un solo mundo o la perspectiva global de la justicia Breve ensayo bibliográfico
Metafísica y antropología: La noción moderna de sujeto
Universalidad física, universalidad humana y universalidad cristiana
RESUMEN En este artículo la risa se explica a través de la conocida teoría de la risa como una respuesta ante la incongruencia. Con base en lo anterior, la autora compara dos tipos de respuesta ante la incongruencia: aquella que pretende resolver la incongruencia, a saber, la filosofía, y aquella que la festeja sin remediarla: la risa. Y es que la tragedia y la comedia, el llanto y la risa, tienen en el fondo un mismo origen, tanto como obras de arte, en la antigua Grecia, como en la vida humana. PALABRAS CLAVE RISA, FILOSOFÍA, TRAGEDIA, COMEDIA, INCONGRUENCIA, RESOLVER ABSTRACT In this paper, laughter is explained through the well-known incongruence theory, i.e. as a way to deal with incongruence. The author compares two different ways of acting upon incongruence: one of them is to try to resolve it by setting a rational order and the other one is to take it as it is, accept it, and laugh. Tragedy and comedy, just like crying and laughing, have both the same origin, as works of art in ancient Greece, and also in human life. KEY WORDS LAUGHTER, PHILOSOPHY, TRAGEDY, COMEDY, INCONGRUENCE, RESOLVE
Educación cívica: tres paradigmas alternativos
El lenguaje del ser y la voz de la historia. Estudio en torno a las interpretaciones del fundamento en la filosofía hermenéutica de Hans-Georg Gadamer
Resumen Según la hermenéutica filosófica nuestra pertenencia a la historia y al lenguaje determina paradójicamente nuestra indisponibilidad sobre ellos en tanto les pertenecemos más de lo que ellos nos pertenecen. A partir de este principio, la famosa expresión de Gadamer «el ser que puede ser comprendido es lenguaje» ha generado las más diversas interpretaciones en torno a la estructura ontológica que sostiene su propuesta hermenéutica. Comprender la productividad de esta máxima significa enfrentar el conflicto que tensiona el suelo que nos sostiene entre el lenguaje del entender y el lenguaje de las cosas, y proyectar la resultante sobre la estructura del ser histórico. Palabras clave Hermenéutica, lenguaje, historia, ontología Abstract According to philosophical hermeneutics our belonging to history and language determines our paradoxical unavailability over them as we belong to them more than they belong to us. Based on this principle, Gadamer’s famous expression «being that can be understood is language» has raised the most diverse interpretations about the ontological structure that supports the hermeneutical proposal. Understanding the productivity of this maxim means confronting the conflict that shakes the ground which sustains us between language of understanding and language of things, and projecting the result on the structure of historical being. Keywords Hermeneutics, language, history, ontology
Leibniz: Regressus, un cálculo para la Silogística
Resumen En este trabajo presentamos el cálculo para la Silogística que Leibniz llamó «Regressus». En la sección primera exponemos desde la notación usada por el propio Leibniz hasta el método de producción de los modos no perfectos. En la sección segunda comparamos la «fundamentación» de la Silogística de Leibniz con la que dio Aristóteles. En la sección tercera consideramos la hipótesis de Couturat según la cual se trata de un método cuya única estrategia demostrativa es la reducción al absurdo. En la sección cuarta lo presentamos como un algoritmo de producción de los modos imperfectos de la segunda y tercera figuras. Y concluimos, sección quinta, intentando hacer ver que, si se da «la vuelta» a dicho algoritmo, se obtiene un método de decisión para la Silogística con tres figuras. Palabras clave Leibniz, silogística, Historia de la Lógica Abstract In this paper we present the calculus for Syllogistic that Leibniz named «Regressus». In the first section we will show the notation used by Leibniz and the method of production of the imperfect moods. In the second section we will compare the ground of Leibniz’s Syllogistic with Aristotle’s. In the third section we will explore Couturat’s hypothesis that holds that it is a method whose only demonstrative strategy is a reductio ad absurdum. In the fourth section we will present it as a production algorithm of the imperfect moods of second and third figures. And we will end, in the fifth section, trying to show that, if we «turn over» that algorithm, we obtain a method of decision for Syllogistic of three figures. Keywords Leibniz; Syllogistic; History of Logic
Una ilustración del acto de escisión entre razón y locura denunciado por Foucault: la imagen del hombre esencialmente incompleto*
RESUMEN El hombre moderno puede estar tentado a dar por supuesto que la diferencia entre razón y locura no fue creada en un momento dado; lejos de tal cosa, puede pensar que dicha diferencia constituye un hecho evidente, ya que será suficiente que contemple detenidamente a un loco para convencerse de que no tienen absolutamente nada en común. Sin embargo, este artículo no sólo explica en qué consiste el orden primitivo que el hombre moderno comparte con el loco, sino que además ilustra las resistencias que el hombre moderno muestra al apreciar dicho orden. PALABRAS CLAVE Razón, locura, orden, sociedad, voluntad ABSTRACT The modern man may be tempted to presuppose that the difference between reason and madness was not created in a certain moment; far from that, he may think that this difference constitutes an obvious fact as, just by looking carefully at a madman he may realize that they have absolutely nothing in common. However, this paper not only explains the nature of the primitive order the modern man shares with the madman, but also illustrates the resistance the modern man puts up when noticing this order. KEYWORDS Reason, madness, order, society, will
La Ilustración pendiente: El legado pendiente en Horkheimer y en Popper
Resumen La disputa del positivismo materializó la polémica entre frankfurtianos y popperianos. Pero esta oposición ha sido tan malentendida como exagerada. Entre ambas filosofías existen interesantes vinculaciones y afinidades que remiten a una raíz común: Kant. En concreto, es su optimismo ilustrado el que, según trataré de argumentar, contagia las filosofías de Horkheimer y de Popper, ambas presididas por una decidida confianza en la razón. Filosofías que representan contemporáneamente, aun desde posiciones dispares, la esencial conexión de la razón con la libertad del género humano. Palabras Clave: Razón, Ilustración, dialéctica, historia, libertad Abstract The positivist dispute exposed the argument between Horkheimer and Popper. But this opposition has been both misunderstood and exaggerated. Between these two philosophies there are interesting affinities which lead to a common root: Kant. Specifically, his illustrated optimism is the one that, as I will try to prove, is present in the philosophies of Horkheimer and Popper, since both are dominated by a determined confidence in reason. These philosophies represent in our time, from different positions, the essential connection between reason and freedom in mankind. Keywords Reason, Enlightenment, dialectics, history, freedom
En la cuenta del tiempo. ¿Qué le debe Gadamer a Husserl?
Resumen El programa del siguiente estudio es esclarecer la eficacia histórica que la fenomenología de la conciencia del tiempo de Husserl tiene sobre la hermenéutica filosófica de Hans-Georg Gadamer; herencia que Gadamer mismo reconoce cuando afirma «que una clara línea conduce desde el concepto de síntesis pasiva y la teoría de la intencionalidad anónima a la experiencia hermenéutica […]».1 Palabras clave Fenomenología, hermenéutica, conciencia, tiempo. Abstract The plan of this study is to clarify the historical efficacy of Husserl’s phenomenology of time consciousness in the philosophical hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer. Gadamer himself accepts this legacy when he says that «a clear line leads from the concept of passive synthesis and the theory of anonymous intentionality to the hermeneutic experience […]». Keywords Phenomenology, hermeneutic, conscience, time.
GODOY, MARÍA JESÚS E INFANTE, FERNANDO (eds.). Estéticas perdidas. Un encuentro con las sensibilidades olvidadas. Valencia: Universitat de Valencia, 2024.
Copyright (c) 2026 Contrastes. Revista Internacional de Filosofía https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
JUNG, C. G., y ANIELA JAFFÉ. Jung’s Life and Work: Interviews for Memories, Dreams, Reflections with Aniela Jaffé. Ed. Sonu Shamdasani. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2025.
DROCHON, H (2023). La gran política de Nietzsche. Argentina: Adriana Hidalgo.
Review de Diego González, A., Eucaristía en el infierno. Ontología de las visiones primigenias de C. G. Jung, Buenos Aires: Kolapse / El hilo de Ariadna, 2025, 434 pp., ISBN: 978-987-3761-83-6.
Crossing the boundaries of gender: the symbolic and material artifact of subjectivity in the work of Teresa de Lauretis
This article reviews the main contributions of the Italian philosopher Teresa de Lauretis to contemporary feminist thought. To do so, we will first focus on her genealogical and critical proposal of feminism. Beyond gender oppression and a homogeneous conception of patriarchy as a system of power, De Lauretis shifts the foundational axis of both the so-called feminism of equality and difference, to descend to the materiality of bodies and subjects. Therefore, we will analyze, in a second moment, her well-known theory on the technology of gender, as a symbolic-discursive and representational-visual device, to end with her most important and polemic proposal on an eccentric and decentered subjectivity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Contrastes. Revista Internacional de Filosofía https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Virtuous politics and feminist power in a historic time marked by crisis
In the following pages, I propose reading the feminist mobilizations of recent years as a “virtuous revolt” that has a strong ethical-political component due to its capacity to propose a better life that is not only livable, but also desirable, insofar as it is not only committed to resisting the impact of the deterioration of the conditions for reproduction of existence, but also to reactivating and promoting encouraging imaginaries of the future. The hypothesis of this essay is that feminist mobilization in the regions of the global South promotes visions of the future at a time when the aspiration for a desirable horizon seems to have been closed off by a context strongly marked by crisis. These feminist struggles face a series of challenges that make it necessary to try out new forms of articulation and assembly. From this last concern arises the idea of a feminist politics of the common, with which I wish to point to a hopeful future horizon, not only for feminism, but also for the leftist projects of the 21st century that have left behind the totalizing and unitary narratives that sustained them.
The mosaic and the Law. A Derridean rereading of Julia Kristeva’s chora
In this paper I propose a critique of Julia Kristeva’s notion of chora. To do so, I make use of her own notion of “intertextuality”, which I situate in the context of her intellectual encounter with Jacques Derrida and, specifically, with his notions of “différance” and “deconstruction”. Accepting that Kristeva's theory of chora reproduces a binary version of sexual difference by positing the symbolic and the semiotic as distinct spaces, I defend the thesis that “intertextuality” enables a conception of the symbolic that challenges the binary opposition posed by Kristeva.
A Post-Foundational Proposal to the Feminist Debate around khôra: Receptacle, Space, Matter or Void? Derrida, Irigaray, Kristeva and Butler
From Aristotle to Heidegger –going through figures as diverse as Theophrastus, Simplicius, Plotinus or Ficinus–, the khôra of Plato’s Timaeus is one of the philosophical topics which have caused the greatest interest, always accompanied by an equal confusion. Should it be understood as space, matter, void or a receptacle? It seems that even Plato himself would not have decided between such different options. More recently, no doubt due to the sexed metaphors that Plato used, the khôra has caused a great debate in French philosophy in the second half of the twentieth century. Sometimes seen as oppressive, others as liberating, the khôra has reawakened an enormous interest in post-structuralist and post-feminist thinkers such as Derrida, Irigaray, Kristeva or Butler. In the present article, we will propose a solution to the problem of khôra by defining it as “empty of form, but full instead of space and matter”. Through this thesis we will try to develop a framework for a post-foundational feminism “from the beginning” that shines a new light on such burning issues nowadays as abortion, prostitution or surrogacy.
#VivasNosQueremos: political friendship between women for life and onlife against femicide
This article analyses the aggregative force of political friendship among women for ‘onlife’ action: in life, alive and online, during the cycle of feminist protests in Mexico between 2016 and 2021. In this period, the political emerges prefiguring a community of women declaring themselves alive and invoking the disappeared and murdered as a shared destiny. The movement began with hashtags such as #VivasNosQueremos. It continued with mobilisations and direct action on digital networks and in physical spaces, to ‘change fear’. Its potential managed to destabilise the organising axes of antagonism, showing that power is where women come together, paraphrasing Hannah Arendt and her associative proposal. In their becoming a laboratory of symbolic production, women created words, heterotopias and other spaces, seizures of monuments, occupations, artivism and calls to burn and destroy everything, pointing to the state as responsible with #MéxicoFeminicida.
Populist Feminism: New Keys to Rethinking Emancipation
In this article we propose the hypothesis that it is possible to think of populist feminism as an emancipatory force. To do this, we are going to explore the following points. First, we are going to show to what extent the pejorative conception of populism developed by the comparative political sciences of the global north prevent an edifying link between feminism and populism. Secondly, we are going to refute the criticisms that autonomist and decolonial feminism have made of populism. Finally, we are going to expose the rise of populist feminism among different authors from Latin America and why it can offer keys to think about emancipation beyond the particularisms expressed by other feminist theorizations.
“To have done with the judgement of sexuality”: Toward an anarchic ethics and politics of con-sensual pleasures
Contemporary debates around the notion of consent often contrast an understanding of consent in terms of law with an understanding of consent in terms of desire. According to Michel Foucault's diagnosis, both concepts are articulated within the modern sexuality device from which, according to the author, it is necessary to free oneself. The article accompanies the author's invitation to explore a new culture of sex that unfolds on the basis of pleasure and not desire.
Mothering against motherhood: doula work, xenohospitality and the idea of the momrade
Today, a new vein of queer Marxist-feminist family-abolitionist theorising is reviving contemporary feminists willingness to imagine, politically, what women's liberationists in the 1970s called “mothering against motherhood”. Concurrently, the jokey portmanteau “momrade”, i.e., mom + comrade, has circulated persistently in the twenty-first century on online forums maintained by communities of mothers and/or leftists. This article asks: what if, in the name of abolishing the family, we took the joke entirely seriously? What makes a “mom” a “momrade”, or vice versa? In what ways does the work of reproduction, conceivably, actively participate in class struggles, producing new worlds (and un-producing others)? How do the collective arts of mothering unmake selves? And how does the verb “to mother” work to abolish the present state of things? The chosen point of departure for exploring these questions is the concept of xenohospitality; a term I borrow from Helen Hester – one of the authors of the Xenofeminist Manifesto – who defines it as openness to the alien, a definition I link closely to “comradeliness”. Further, the meaning of the term “family abolition”, here, is aptly summed up by the formula “xenofam ≥ biofam”; to abolish the family is not to destroy relationships of care and nurturance, but on the contrary, to expand and proliferate them. Reflecting on the conditions of possibility for such universally xenofamilial – that is to say, comradely – kin relations, this article implicitly argues for utopia(nism) in feminist kinship studies. It grounds this utopianism, however, in first-hand experiences of informal “death doula” labour. The labour of mothering one's mother is offered as a potential practice of un-mothering oneself and others. In fact, the argument pivots on these auto-ethnographic observations about maternal bereavement, because the event of the author's mother's death interrupted and intruded upon the feminist theorising involved.
Introduction: Towards a post-foundational feminism
María Rodríguez Lorca, L´altro vïaggio de Dante. Un análisis filosófico del viaje a través de la Divina Comedia, Málaga: Centro Generación del 27, 2024.
Review: María Rodríguez Lorca, L´altro vïaggio de Dante. Un análisis filosófico del viaje a través de la Divina Comedia, Málaga: Centro Generación del 27, 2024.
Following the footsteps of his friend Erasmus in Stultitiae Laus, More did not conceive his most striking and original work, Utopia, as a “serious” text but as a “cheerful” and “festive little book” aimed at revealing truths through the via diversa of laughter. Thus, his 1516 work would inscribe itself in the rich tradition of classical satire in general, particularly “Menippean satire” (in the style of Lucian), characterized by its strong “erudite” (i.e., philosophical) imprint. In this paper, I begin by identifying the main text passages that display explicitly comical content and intent. Then, I attempt to interpret those passages in their relations to one another and the overall organization of the work. I conclude by offering some tentative considerations about the significance of humor for philosophy in the view of Thomas More.
Utopía, Thomas More, Erasmo, Humor, Sátira