No Todos los Propietarios Familiares son Iguales: Modelo Conceptual, Instrumento de Medición y Aplicación de Autoevaluación para Identificar Estilos de Propietarios Familiares
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/ejfb.15.1.2025.21758Palabras clave:
Propiedad familiar, Estilo de propietario familiar, Empresa familiar, Autoevaluación, Tipología de propietarios familiaresResumen
Suele asumirse que la propiedad familiar —compuesta por individuos que comparten una historia y valores comunes— es homogénea. Sin embargo, los propietarios familiares presentan patrones diversos de implicación con la propiedad, debido a diferencias en sus roles, objetivos, necesidades y expectativas dentro de la familia y de la empresa. Aún existe una comprensión limitada sobre la naturaleza de la heterogeneidad entre los miembros de la familia en relación con la propiedad. Para avanzar en esta línea de investigación, el artículo adopta un enfoque configurativo para desarrollar una tipología de estilos de propietarios familiares basada en una perspectiva psicológica y validarla empíricamente. El modelo de clasificación propuesto combina dos estados psicológicos —intención de mayordomía-agencia y motivación de cosecha-creación— que permiten identificar cuatro estilos distintos de propietarios familiares: activos, intraemprendedores, emprendedores y desvinculados. Además, con el fin de conectar el ámbito académico con la práctica, el estudio presenta una aplicación gratuita de autoevaluación que permite a los propietarios familiares identificar su propio estilo de propiedad.
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