El Capital Familiar como Fuente de Resiliencia Empresarial durante la Crisis del COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/ejfb.15.2.2025.20433Palabras clave:
Resilienci empresarial, Empresas familiares, Capital familiar, Capital social, Economía emergenteResumen
Las empresas familiares suelen considerarse más resilientes que las empresas no familiares, pero se sabe poco sobre cómo se desarrolla esta resiliencia a partir de los recursos específicos de la familia, especialmente en las economías emergentes. Este estudio analiza cómo el capital familiar —humano, social y financiero— ayudó a las empresas familiares indonesias a superar los retos de la crisis del COVID-19. Basándonos en un estudio de múltiples casos de cuatro pymes familiares, adoptamos un enfoque abductivo, combinando entrevistas en profundidad con datos secundarios para construir una teoría a partir del contexto. Los resultados muestran que el capital humano, como el aprendizaje intergeneracional y la flexibilidad de funciones, permitió a las empresas adaptarse rápidamente, mientras que el capital social, basado en la confianza y las relaciones a largo plazo, apoyó la continuidad y la renovación. El capital financiero actuó como amortiguador, pero fue menos importante de lo esperado. En general, la resiliencia no surgió de los recursos individuales, sino de la interacción de estos capitales. El estudio contribuye a la teoría al replantear la resiliencia como una capacidad relacional integrada en el contexto familiar y cultural, en lugar de como un atributo estático de la empresa. En cuanto a la práctica y las políticas, el estudio destaca la importancia de reforzar el compromiso de los miembros de la familia, las habilidades intergeneracionales y las redes relacionales, al tiempo que se despliega el capital financiero de forma estratégica para garantizar la continuidad.
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Referencias
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Salvato, C., & Melin, L. (2008). Creating value across generations in family-controlled businesses: The role of family social capital. Family Business Review, 21(3), 259–276. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2008.00127.x
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Danes, S. M., & Brewton, K. E. (2012). Follow the Capital: Benefits of Tracking Family Capital across Family and Business Systems. In Follow the Capital: Benefits of Tracking Family Capital across Family and Business Systems (Issue June). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0911-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0911-3_14
Danes, S. M., Lee, J., Stafford, K., & Heck, R. K. Z. (2008). The effects of ethnicity, families and culture on entrepreneurial perience: An extension of sustainable family business theory. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 13(3), 229–268. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1084946708001010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S1084946708001010
Danes, S. M., Stafford, K., Haynes, G., & Amarapurkar, S. S. (2009). Family capital of family firms: Bridging human, social, and financial capital. Family Business Review, 22(3), 199–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486509333424 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486509333424
Diaz-Moriana, V., Hernández-Linares, R., & Sanchez-Famoso, V. (2022). Family and Technology: Resilience Factors in SMEs in a Pandemic. European Journal of Family Business, 12(2), 96–99. https://doi.org/10.24310/ejfbejfb.v12i2.15918 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24310/ejfbejfb.v12i2.15918
Duchek, S. (2020). Organizational resilience: a capability-based conceptualization. Business Research, 13(1), 215–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40685-019-0085-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40685-019-0085-7
Dyer, G. (2022). Where Have All the Families Gone — Is There a Future for Family Businesses? European Journal of Family Business, 12(2), 220–225. https://doi.org/10.24310/ejfbejfb.v12i2.15295 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24310/ejfbejfb.v12i2.15295
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1991). Better Stories and Better Constructs : The Case for Rigor and Comparative Logic. Academy of Management Journal, 16(3), 620–627. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1991.4279496 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/258921
Gehman, J., Glaser, V. L., Eisenhardt, K. M., Gioia, D., Langley, A., & Corley, K. G. (2018). Finding Theory–Method Fit: A Comparison of Three Qualitative Approaches to Theory Building. Journal of Management Inquiry, 27(3), 284–300. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492617706029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492617706029
Hadjielias, E., Christofi, M., & Tarba, S. (2022). Contextualizing small business resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from small business owner-managers. Small Business Economics, 59(4), 1351–1380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-021-00588-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-021-00588-0
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Lorenzo-Gomez, J. D. (2020). Orientation Barriers to Internal change Market in family businesses in family firms. European Journal Of Family Business, 54–63. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24310/ejfbejfb.v10i1.7018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24310/ejfbejfb.v10i1.7018
Mzid, I., Khachlouf, N., & Soparnot, R. (2019). How does family capital influence the resilience of family firms? Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 17(2), 249–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-018-0226-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-018-0226-7
Pearson, A. W., Carr, J. C., & Shaw, J. C. (2008). Toward a theory of familiness: A social capital perspective. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 32(6 SPEC. ISS.), 949–969. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2008.00265.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2008.00265.x
Prayogo, G. A., Kodrat, D. S., & Wiryakusuma, I. G. B. Y. (2020). Faktor-Faktor yang Membentuk Bisnis Keluarga Bertumbuh Secara Berkelanjutan. PERFORMA, 4(2 SE-Articles), 240–247. https://doi.org/10.37715/jp.v4i2.1523 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37715/jp.v4i2.1523
Rahim, R., Husni, T., Desyetti, D, Desyetti, D, & Ryswaldi, R. (2024). Role of successor, government policy, and collaboration synergy on sustainability family business: Moderation of gender and firm age. Business Perspectives and Research, 1(22). https://doi.org/10.1177/22785337241239439 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/22785337241239439
Salvato, C., & Melin, L. (2008). Creating value across generations in family-controlled businesses: The role of family social capital. Family Business Review, 21(3), 259–276. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2008.00127.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2008.00127.x
Sandoval-Díaz, J., Navarrete-Valladares, C., Suazo-Muñoz, C., & Martínez-Labrín, S. (2023). Collective memories and previous experiences of older people in the face of disaster risk processes: lessons learned, implication, and social support. Frontiers in Climate, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2023.1272219 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2023.1272219
Sharma, P. (2008). Familiness : Capital Stocks and Flows. Ntrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2007, 971–977. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2008.00266.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2008.00266.x
Steiner Saetre, A., & Van de Ven, A. (2021). Generating theory by abduction. Academy of Management Review, 46(4), 684–701. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2019.0233 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2019.0233
Yin, R. (2003). Case study research design and methods. In Thousand Oaks (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications Inc.
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