Metodologías para la medición de las competencias financieras: un análisis de cuestionarios
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/recta.23.2.2022.19876Palabras clave:
Conocimientos financieros, competencias financieras, cuestionarios, mediciónResumen
Los conocimientos financieros favorecen la toma de decisiones financieras informadas de los individuos y, por extensión, contribuye a la adquisición de comportamientos financieros saludables que impulsan el bienestar financiero de la sociedad en su conjunto. Hasta la actualidad no se han encontrado unos indicadores generalizados mensurables que permitan valorar los niveles de competencias financieras. Esta investigación tiene como propósito analizar las producciones académicas que aportan datos empíricos y teóricos en la medición de los niveles de conocimientos financieros de la población, proporcionando una síntesis de los estudios, desarrollados desde 1940 que se basan, principalmente, en cuestionarios. Se lleva a cabo una simplificación de la declaración PRISMA que permite examinar a través de su evolución temporal las fuentes, los objetivos perseguidos, así como los hallazgos, conclusiones y recomendaciones para elevar los conocimientos financieros y para mantener hábitos que permitan alcanzar mejores cotas de bienestar material .Los resultados obtenidos coinciden en constatar las escasas competencias financieras de los evaluados desde el siglo pasado, principalmente de las mujeres, los jóvenes y aquellos que cuentan con menos recursos y menos formación, por lo que son necesarias iniciativas que permitan mejorar la formación de esta clase de capital humano.
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