Análisis multiobjetivo y modelos de regresión. Una aplicación para analizar el bienestar de los estudiantes españoles
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https://doi.org/10.24310/recta.22.2.2021.19880Palabras clave:
Programaci´on multiobjetivo intervalar, An´alisis econom´etrico, Bienestar de los estudiantes, Econom´ıa de la educaci´onResumen
En este trabajo se propone un nuevo entorno metodológico en el que se combinan técnicas econométricas y de optimización multiobjetivo con el propósito de resolver problemas socioeconómicos. Dicha metodología consta de dos etapas, la primera consiste en desarrollar un modelo de regresión a partir del cual, en la segunda etapa, se construye un problema de optimización multiobjetivo. Una ventaja de esta combinación es la posibilidad de introducir preferencias en la resolución del problema. En concreto, se aplicará la metodología propuesta para analizar el bienestar de los estudiantes españoles usando cuatro índices (positividad, motivación, sentido de pertenencia y acoso escolar). El análisis del bienestar está tomando cada vez mayor relevancia por su relación con el rendimiento académico de los jóvenes. Para ello, se realizan cuatro regresiones (una por índice) en función de un conjunto de variables explicativas, con las que se construye un problema multiobjetivo para estudiar el conflicto entre dichos ´índices. Los resultados obtenidos mediante programación multiobjetivo intervalar no solo proporcionan información sobre cómo afecta la mejora de un índice del bienestar al resto de los mismos, sino que también nos permite conocer el perfil del estudiante que alcanza unos niveles óptimos y equilibrados entre los distintos índices.
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