Una alimentación sana y sostenible es posible: Diseño de menús personalizados con programación multiobjetivo

Francisco Martos-Barrachina

doi:10.24310/recta.25.1.2024.20358

Autores/as

Francisco Martos-Barrachina Universidad de Málaga España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5886-8764

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/recta.25.1.2024.20358

Palabras clave:

Dise˜no de Men´us, Modelo combinatorio, Metaheur´ısticas, Palatabilidad, Sostenibilidad, Salud

Resumen

En las últimas décadas, los hábitos de consumo propios de los países europeos han sido reemplazados por alternativas menos saludables. Además, existe una creciente preocupación por definir sistemas alimentarios sostenibles, reflejados en los Objetivos de la Agenda 2030.
En este trabajo, se propone un modelo de optimización multiobjetivo para el diseño de menús individuales, dentro del marco de costumbres españolas. Éstos deben ajustarse a ciertas condiciones saludables (nutricionales y derivadas de la dieta Mediterránea), a la vez que se minimiza el coste y las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, tratando de mantenerse lo más similar posible a un menú de partida.
Para resolver este problema combinatorio se aplican estrategias metaheurísticas (GRASP e ILS) que permiten generar una extensa frontera de Pareto. Cada una de las soluciones eficientes que definen esta frontera de Pareto, representa un menú saludable. Además, en este caso concreto, se obtuvieron más de mil menús eficientes, los cuales son alternativas más sostenibles y económicas que el menú de partida.

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