Protocolos de ejercicio y procedimientos de análisis para evaluar el punto de deflexión del ritmo cardiaco en atletas: una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

  • Danna Corral UABC México
  • Karla Morales Flores Laboratorio Nacional Conahcyt de Nutrición y Metabolismo Energético, Tijuana México
  • Dr. Francisco J. Amaro Gahete Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs. Granada, Granada, España. España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7207-9016
  • Paola Armendariz Ostos Laboratorio Nacional Conahcyt de Nutrición y Metabolismo Energético, Tijuana, México México
  • Marco Antonio Hernández Lepe Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, México. México
  • Isaac Armando Chavez Guevara Facultad de Deportes Ensenada, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, México. México https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9773-5043

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/riccafd.14.1.2025.21060

Palabras clave:

fisiología del ejercicio, umbral ventilatorio, deportes
Agencias: Laboratorio Nacional Conahcyt de Nutrición y Metabolismo Energético

Resumen

Introducción: Esta revisión sistemática evalúa los protocolos de ejercicio utilizados para determinar el punto de deflexión de la frecuencia cardíaca (HRDP) en atletas, destacando su relevancia como biomarcador no invasivo del umbral anaeróbico. Métodos: Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas en EBSCOhost, PubMed y Scopus desde 1982 hasta mayo de 2024, utilizando términos como "punto de deflexión de la frecuencia cardíaca" y "umbral anaeróbico". Se incluyeron estudios originales con atletas de cualquier edad, sexo y nivel competitivo, excluyendo trabajos de baja calidad metodológica o con datos duplicados. Los datos extraídos incluyeron características de los participantes, protocolos de ejercicio (e.., pruebas de rampa, protocolo de Conconi) y métodos de análisis del HRDP (visuales o computacionales). Resultados: Se incluyeron 31 estudios que evaluaron a 3,522 atletas (91.8% hombres). Los resultados mostraron una amplia variabilidad en la identificación del HRDP según el protocolo empleado. Las pruebas de rampa y los protocolos de Conconi (original y modificado) presentaron tasas de identificación superiores al 90% en poblaciones específicas, mientras que los métodos de campo mostraron menores niveles de sensibilidad (<50%). La reproducibilidad y validez del HRDP también variaron según el diseño del protocolo, las características de los participantes y las técnicas analíticas empleadas. Conclusiones: Aunque el HRDP es una herramienta prometedora para estimar el umbral anaeróbico, la falta de estandarización metodológica limita su aplicabilidad. Se requieren estudios futuros para establecer protocolos validados y reproducibles.

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Biografía del autor/a

Isaac Armando Chavez Guevara, Facultad de Deportes Ensenada, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, México.

Ensenada Sports Faculty, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexico.

Citas

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Publicado

16-05-2025 — Actualizado el 20-05-2025

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Corral, D., Morales Flores, K., Amaro Gahete, F. J., Armendariz Ostos, P., Hernández Lepe, M. A., & Chavez Guevara, I. A. (2025). Protocolos de ejercicio y procedimientos de análisis para evaluar el punto de deflexión del ritmo cardiaco en atletas: una revisión sistemática. Revista Iberoamericana De Ciencias De La Actividad Física Y El Deporte, 14(1), 271–292. https://doi.org/10.24310/riccafd.14.1.2025.21060 (Original work published 16 de mayo de 2025)

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