Methodological strategies for the development of strength in the ESO Physical Education curriculum: a scoping review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/riccafd.14.2.2025.22400Keywords:
capacidad de la fuerza, adolescencia, metodología educativa, programación didáctica, educación secundaria obligatoriaAbstract
Objective: to study the methodological characteristics and outcomes of strength-training interventions in physical education classes in compulsory secondary education (ESO). Methods: scoping review (PRISMA, 2020-2025) in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science; inclusion of strength interventions during school hours with students aged 12-18; quality measured with PEDro. Results: from 12,169 records, 15 articles included (n=2.296; 43% girls; 13 countries), with good moderate quality (PEDro 6.3 ±1.9). Interventions lasted 4-32 weeks (4-60 min/session). Simultaneous individual dynamics, self-loading circuits, pairs and ABP stood out; load control used direct instruction and self-control of intensity. Fourteen studies reported improvements in strength/power, eight in motor skills and four in self-efficacy/motivation: no injuries. Strength programmes in secondary education are viable with positive effects. Four methodological keys optimize educational and curricular objectives: (1) gradual progression of volume and intensity; (2) sequential technical phases; (3) supervision and feedback (proximity, feedback and teacher training); (4) motivational strategies (gamification, music, ABP, teamwork).
Downloads
References
Bompa T. Periodización. Teoría y metodología del entrenamiento. Editorial Hispano Europea; 2003.
Redondo Villa C. Las cualidades físicas básicas [Internet]. Innovación y Experiencias Educativas. 2011;(40):1–13 [cited 2025 Sep 29]. Available from: https://archivos.csif.es/archivos/andalucia/ensenanza/revistas/csicsif/revista/pdf/Numero_40/CRISTINA_REDONDO_1.pdf
Torres C. El Seoi-nage de rodillas: Incorrecta elección técnica, ineficacia y daño potencial [Tesis doctoral]. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; 2016. Available from: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/tesis?codigo=154356
Morales del Moral A, Guzmán Ordóñez M. Diccionario de la educación física y los deportes. Gil Editores; 2003.
Faigenbaum A, Kraemer W, Blimkie CJR, Jeffreys I, Micheli L, Nitka M, et al. Youth resistance training: Updated position statement paper from the NSCA. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23(5 Suppl):S60–S79. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31819df407
Stricker PR, Faigenbaum AD, McCambridge TM; Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness. Resistance training for children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2020;145(6):e20201011. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-1011
Behringer M, Vom Heede A, Yue Z, Mester J. Effects of resistance training in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2010;126(5):e1199–e1210. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-0445
Lloyd RS, Faigenbaum AD, Stone MH, Oliver JL, Jeffreys I, Moody JA, et al. Position statement on youth resistance training: 2014 International Consensus. Br J Sports Med. 2014;48(7):498–505. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092952
Specker B, Thiex NW, Sudhagoni RG. Does exercise influence pediatric bone? A systematic review. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015;473(11):3658–72. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4586223/
Duno M, Acosta E. Percepción de la imagen corporal en adolescentes universitarios. Rev Chil Nutr. 2019;46(5):545–553. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-75182019000500545
Romo del Olmo M. Influencia de las redes sociales en la satisfacción de la imagen corporal de las adolescentes. Un proyecto de prevención [Trabajo Fin de Grado; Internet]. Cádiz: Universidad de Cádiz; 2020 [cited 2025 Sep 29]. Available from: https://rodin.uca.es/handle/10498/23419
Ruiz de Azúa García S, Rodríguez Fernández A. El cuestionario de autoconcepto físico (CAF): La independencia de sus escalas. Int J Dev Educ Psychol. 2006;2(1):369–382. Available from: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3498/349832312031.pdf
Cabello Terán JA, Hinojosa Lezama IL, Ontiveros Terrazas JA, Rodríguez Carrillo HC. Calidad de vida en niños practicantes de deportes de combate. EmásF. 2022;13(78):63–73. Available from: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/8572935.pdf
del Conde Schnaider E, López Sánchez CV, Velasco Matus PW. Relación entre la Actividad Física e Indicadores de Salud Mental. Acta Investig Psicol. 2022;12(2):106–119. Available from: https://doi.org/10.22201/fpsi.20074719e.2022.2.452
De Haro Ollé JJ. Redes sociales para la educación. Madrid: Anaya Multimedia; 2010. Available from: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7130260
Ramírez W, Vinaccia S, Suárez G. El impacto de la actividad física y el deporte sobre la salud, la cognición, la socialización y el rendimiento académico: una revisión teórica. Rev Estud Soc. 2004;(18):67–75. Available from: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2349256
Fernández JA, Hoyos LA. Efectos de la velocidad de entrenamiento en fuerza sobre diversas manifestaciones de la fuerza en mujeres adultas mayores. Retos. 2020;38:325–332. Available from: https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v38i38.73917
Shen Y, Shi Q, Nong K, Li S, Yue J, Huang J, et al. Exercise for sarcopenia in older people: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2023;14(3):1199–1211. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13225
Olivares PR, Merellano-Navarro E, Pérez-Sousa MÁ, Collado-Mateo D. Condición física, capacidad funcional y calidad de vida en mayores. Rev Int Med Cienc Act Fis Deporte. 2021;21(82):307–318. Available from: https://cdeporte.rediris.es/revista/revista82/artcondicion1250e.pdf doi:10.15366/rimcafd2021.82.007
Ramos Campos F. Salud y calidad de vida en las personas mayores. Tabanque. Rev Pedagógica. 2001;(16):83–104. Available from: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=743587
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: Updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioannidis JPA, et al. The PRISMA statement: Explanation and elaboration. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009;62(10):e1–e34. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006
Schardt C, Adams MB, Owens T, Keitz S, Fontelo P. Utilization of the PICO framework to improve searching PubMed for clinical questions. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2007;7:16. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-7-16
Maher CG, Sherrington C, Herbert RD, Moseley AM, Elkins M. Reliability of the PEDro scale for rating quality of randomized controlled trials. Phys Ther. 2003;83(8):713–721. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/83.8.713
Robinson KJ, Lubans DR, Mavilidi MF, Hillman CH, Benzing V, Vingilis-Jaremko L, et al. Effects of classroom-based resistance training with and without cognitive training on adolescents’ cognitive function, on-task behavior, and muscular fitness. Front Psychol. 2022;13:811534. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.811534
Herman DC, Pritchard KA, Cosby NL, Selkow NM, Chmielewski TL. Resistance training and cognitive function in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2021;49(4):e69–e76.
Kennedy SG, Smith JJ, Morgan PJ, Eather N, Estabrooks PA, Lubans DR. Implementing resistance training in secondary schools: Effects on muscular fitness and feasibility. J Sci Med Sport. 2021;24(4):359–365. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2020.10.014
Coelho-Júnior HJ, Marzetti E, Calvani R, Picca A, Arai H, Uchida M. Resistance training across the lifespan: Benefits and implementation. Aging Ment Health. 2022;26(2):213–224. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2020.1857691
Benson AC, Torode ME, Fiatarone Singh MA. Muscular strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and obesity in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Obes Rev. 2008;9(1):43–66. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2007.00388.x
Casas A, Naclerio F, Calvo XD, García C. Efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza sobre la adiposidad corporal y el desempeño motor en niños y adolescentes: Un meta-análisis. Educ Fís y Cienc. 2018;20(2):1–21. Available from: https://doi.org/10.24215/23142561e046
Canto EG, Guillamón AR, López LN. Nivel de conocimiento de los docentes de educación física sobre entrenamiento de fuerza en la ESO. Cienc Educ Fís Deporte Recreación. 2021;39:112–119. Available from: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7587478
García-Baños C, Rubio-Arias JÁ, Martínez-Aranda LM, Ramos-Campo DJ, Alcaraz PE. Secondary-school-based interventions to improve muscular strength in adolescents: A systematic review. Sustainability. 2020;12(17):6814. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176814
Moreno-Torres JM, García-Roca JA, Abellan-Aynes O, Diaz-Aroca A. Effects of supervised strength training on physical fitness in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2025;10(2):162. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10020162
Wu C, Xu Y, Chen Z, Cao Y, Yu K, Huang C. The effect of intensity, frequency, duration and volume of physical activity in children and adolescents on skeletal muscle fitness: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(18):9640. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189640
Pacheco-Herrera JD, Ramírez-Vélez R, Correa-Bautista JE, García-Hermoso A, Izquierdo M. Muscular fitness and cardiometabolic risk in Colombian youth: The FUPRECOL study. Nutr Hosp. 2016;33(3):556–564. Available from: https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.291
Bossmann T, Woll A, Wagner I. Effects of different types of school-based strength training on muscular fitness: A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(11):6855. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116855
Pullen BJ, Oliver JL, Lloyd RS, Knight CJ. The effects of strength and conditioning in physical education on athletic motor skill competencies and psychological attributes of secondary school children: A pilot study. Sports. 2020;8(10):138. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/sports8100138
Castilho dos Santos G, de Souza Silva TM, da Silva JM, de Souza Rosa LP, Silva KS, Kennedy SG, et al. Effects of a school-based resistance training program on adolescents: A cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr. 2024;24:447. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-04757-6
Cohen DD, Sandercock GR, Camacho PA, Otero-Wandurraga J, Pinzón Romero SM, Martínez Marín RP, et al. The SIMAC study: A randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of resistance training and aerobic training on the fitness and body composition of Colombian adolescents. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0248110. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248110
Zhao M, Liu S, Han X, Li Z, Liu B, Chen J, Li X. School-based comprehensive strength-training interventions to improve muscular fitness and perceived physical competence in Chinese male adolescents. Biomed Res Int. 2022;2022:7464815. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7464815
Koźlenia D, Popowczak M, Szafraniec R, Alvarez C, Domaradzki J, Skowron M, et al. Effects of resistance training in physical education lessons. J Clin Med. 2024;13(12):3400. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13123400
Rodríguez Valero FJ, Gualteros JA, Torres JA, Umbarila EJ, Ramírez-Vélez R. Physical fitness levels in schoolchildren from Bogotá, Colombia. Nutr Hosp. 2015;32(4):1559–1566. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.32.4.9482
Beleño Gallego D, Cardona Linares AJ, Cenizo Benjumea JM. El entrenamiento de fuerza en Educación Física: Revisión y recomendaciones. Retos. 2024;53:636–650. Available from: https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v53.101882
Sal-de-Rellán A, Hernández-Suárez Á, Hernaiz-Sánchez A. Gamification and motivation in adolescents: Systematic review from physical education. Front Psychol. 2025;16:1575104. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1575104
Cochrane T, Davey RC, de Vries W. Exercise, training, and musculoskeletal development in children and adolescents. Sports Med. 2010;40(11):865–883. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2165/11536850-000000000-00000
Benson AC, Torode ME, Singh MAF. Muscular strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and obesity in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Obes Rev. 2008;9(1):43–66. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2007.00388.x
Vanaclocha-Amat P, Faigenbaum A, Molina-García J, Villa-González E, Aznar-Lain S, Ortega FB. Efficacy of a school-based resistance training program on adolescents’ health-related fitness: Study protocol. Contemp Clin Trials. 2025;149:107805. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2025.107805
España. Real Decreto 217/2022, de 29 de marzo, por el que se establece la ordenación y las enseñanzas mínimas de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria [Internet]. Boletín Oficial del Estado. 2022 Mar 30;76:41571–41660 [cited 2025 Sep 29]. Available from: https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2022/03/30/pdfs/BOE-A-2022-4975.pdf
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 2025-12-03 (2)
- 2025-12-03 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All the contents published in Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte are subject to the Creative Commons Reconocimento-NoComercia-Compartirigual 4.0 license, the full text of which can be found at <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0>
They may be copied, used, disseminated, transmitted and publicly exposed, provided that:
The authorship and original source of your publication (Journal, editorial and URL of the work) are cited.
They are not used for commercial purposes.
The existence and specifications of this use license are mentioned.
Copyright is of two kinds: moral rights and patrimonial rights. Moral rights are perpetual, inalienable, inalienable, inalienable, inalienable and imprescriptible prerogatives.
In accordance with copyright legislation, Revista Eviterna recognizes and respects the moral rights of the authors, as well as the ownership of the economic right, which will be transferred to the University of Malaga for dissemination in open access.
The economic rights refer to the benefits obtained by the use or disclosure of the works. Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte is published in open access and is exclusively authorized to carry out or authorize by any means the use, distribution, disclosure, reproduction, adaptation, translation or transformation of the work.
It is the responsibility of the authors to obtain the necessary permissions of the images that are subject to copyright.
9.png)
