Efecto del contenido estereotípico sobre la ira, el desprecio y sus patrones conductuales: un estudio de réplica en población española

María Teresa Guzmán Nieto; Inmaculada Valor-Segura

doi:10.24310/escpsi.18.2.2025.21152

Authors

María Teresa Guzmán Nieto Universidad de Granada Spain
Inmaculada Valor-Segura Universidad de Granada Spain

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/escpsi.18.2.2025.21152

Keywords:

perception, stereotype, contempt, anger, behavioural patterns

Abstract

The present study investigated the stereotypical perception of groups from another planet, exploring its emotional and behavioural correlates. Adapting Hoffman and Hurst's (1990) paradigm of a distant planet and replicating Study 1 of Ufkes et al. (2011), our main objective was to examine whether the perception of other beings influenced participants' emotions and behaviours. In this study, (n= 181 participants from the Spanish population), the results showed that perceived lower competence was related to higher contempt. In turn, the perception of less warmth was related to greater anger and, consequently, participants showed greater intention to confront in the face of conflict.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Publication Facts

This article

Author statements

Data availability

N/A

16%

External funding

N/A

32%

Competing interests

N/A

11%

This journal

Other journals

Articles accepted

17%

33%

Days to publication

355

145

Indexed in

—

Editor & editorial board: profiles
Academic society: N/A
Publisher: UNIVERSIDAD DE MÁLAGA

References

Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

Cohen, J. (1990). Statistical Power Analysis for The Behavioral Sciences. Computers Environment And Urban Systems, 14(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4

Coleman, P. T., Kugler, K. G., Bui‐Wrzosinska, L., Nowak, A., & Vallacher, R. (2012, January). Getting Down to Basics: A Situated Model of Conflict in Social Relations. Negotiation Journal. MIT Press. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1571-9979.2011.00324.x

Cuddy, A. J. C., Fiske, S. T., & Glick, P. (2007). The BIAS Map: Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(4), 631-648. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.631

Cuddy, A. J., Fiske, S. T., & Glick, P. (2008). Warmth and Competence as Universal Dimensions of Social Perception: The Stereotype Content Model and the BIAS Map. En Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (pp. 61-149). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(07)00002-0

Cuddy, A. J. C., Glick, P., & Beninger, A. S. (2011). The Dynamics of Warmth and Competence Judgments, and their Outcomes in Organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 31, 73-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2011.10.004

Deutsch, M. (1973). The Resolution of Conflict. American Behavioral Scientist, 17(2), 248. http://doi.org/10.1177/000276427301700206

Ekman, P. (1992). An Argument for Basic Emotions. Cognition & Emotion, 6(3-4), 169-200. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699939208411068

Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. (2009). Statistical Power Analyses Using G*Power 3.1: Tests for Correlation and Regression Analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/brm.41.4.1149

Fernández Berrocal, P., Cabello, R., Gómez-Leal, R., Gutiérrez-Cobo, M. J., & Megías-Robles, A. (2022). Nuevas Tendencias en la Investigación de la Inteligencia Emocional. Escritos de Psicología - Psychological Writings, 15(2), 144-147. http://doi.org/10.24310/espsiescpsi.v15i2.15842

Fischer, A. (2011). Contempt: A Hot Feeling Hidden Under a Cold Jacket. En R. Trnka, K. Balcar y M. Kuška (Ed.), Reconstructing Emotional Spaces: From Experience to Regulation (pp. 77-87). Prague: Prague College of Psychosocial Studies Press.

Fischer, A. H., y Roseman, I. J. (2007). Beat Them or Ban Them: The Characteristics and Social Functions of Anger and Contempt. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(1), 103-115. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.93.1.103

Fischer, A., & Giner-Sorolla, R. (2016). Contempt: Derogating Others while Keeping Calm. Emotion Review, 8(4), 346-357. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073915610439

Fiske, S. T. (2018). Stereotype Content: Warmth and Competence Endure. Current Directions In Psychological Science, 27(2), 67-73. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721417738825

Fiske, S. T. (2010). Interpersonal Stratification: Status, Power, and Subordination. En S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology (pp. 941-982). New York: Wiley. http://doi.org/10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy002026

Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., Glick, P., & Xu, J. (2002b). A Model of (often mixed) Stereotype Content: Competence and Warmth Respectively Follow from Perceived Status and Competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 878-902. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.878

Frijda, N. H., Kuipers, P., y Ter Schure, E. (1989). Relations among Emotion, Appraisal, and Emotional Action Readiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 212–228.

Gottman, J. M., y Levenson, R. W. (2002). A Two-Factor Model for Predicting when a Couple Will Divorce: Exploratory Analyses using 14-year Longitudinal Data. Family Process, 41, 83–96.

Gross, J. J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 39(3), 281-291. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0048577201393198

Halperin, E. (2013). Emotion, Emotion Regulation, and Conflict Resolution. Emotion Review, 6(1), 68-76. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073913491844

Hoffman, C., & Hurst, N. (1990). Gender Stereotypes: Perception or Rationalization? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(2), 197-208. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.2.197

Hutcherson, C. A., y Gross, J. J. (2011). The Moral Emotions: A Social–Functionalist Account of Anger, Disgust, and Contempt. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 719–737. doi: 10.1037/a0022408

ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests (Second Edition). (2017). International Journal of Testing, 18(2), 101–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/15305058.2017.1398166

Karppinen, H., King, O., y Russell, P. S. (2023). Hostile Emotions and Close Relationships: Anger Can Be Related to Constructive Responses. Personality and Individual Differences, 212, 112-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2023.112258

Keltner, D., Lange, J. y Cowen, A. (2019). The Power of Emotions in Social Hierarchies. Current Opinion in Psychology, 33, 26-30.

Klein, R. A., Vianello, M., Hasselman, F., Adams, B. G., Adams, R. B., Alper, S., Aveyard, M., Axt, J. R., Babalola, M. T., Bahník, Š., Batra, R., Berkics, M., Bernstein, M. J., Berry, D. R., Bialobrzeska, O., Binan, E. D., Bocian, K., Brandt, M. J., Busching, R., . . . Nosek, B. A. (2018). Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(4), 443-490. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918810225

Kuppens, P., Van Mechelen, I., y Meulders, M. (2004). Every Cloud Has a Silver Lining: Interpersonal and Individual Differences Determinants of Anger-Related Behaviors. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30,1550–1564.

Leary, M. R., Twenge, J. M., y Quinlivan, E. (2006). Interpersonal Rejection As a Determinant of Anger and Rejection. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 111–132

Linville, P. W. (1982). Affective Consequences of Complexity Regarding the Self and Others. Affect and Cognition, 89-120. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315802756-10

Mackie, D. M., Devos, T., & Smith, E. R. (2000). Intergroup Emotions: Explaining Offensive Action Tendencies in An Intergroup Context. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(4), 602-616. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.4.602

Mateo, V. F., Soriano Ferrer, M., & Godoy Mesas, C. (2009). Un Estudio Descriptivo sobre el Acoso y Violencia Escolar en la Educación Obligatoria. Escritos de Psicología - Psychological Writings. Malaga University. http://doi.org/10.24310/espsiescpsi.v2i2.13375

Mesquita, B., & Leu, J. (2007). The Cultural Psychology of Emotion. In S. Kitayama & D. Cohen (Eds.), Handbook of Cultural Psychology (pp. 734–759). The Guilford Press.

Moors, A., Ellsworth, P. C., Scherer, K. R., & Frijda, N. H. (2013). Appraisal Theories of Emotion: State of the Art and Future Development. Emotion Review, 5(2), 119-124. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073912468165

Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Contemporary Approaches to Assessing Mediation in Communication Research. En SAGE Publications, Inc. eBooks (pp. 13-54). https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452272054.n2

Roseman, I. J., Copeland, J. A., y Fischer, A. H. (2003). Contempt versus Anger in Interracial Attitudes. Paper Presented at the Fourth Meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Los Angeles.

Roseman, I. J., Wiest, C., y Swartz, T. S. (1994). Phenomenology, Behaviors and Goals Differentiate Discrete Emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 206–221.

Ruíz-Ortega, A. M., & Berrios Martos, P. (2023). Revisión Sistemática sobre Inteligencia Emocional y Bienestar en Adolescentes: Evidencias y Retos. Escritos de Psicología - Psychological Writings. Malaga University. http://doi.org/10.24310/espsiescpsi.v16i1.16060

Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional Intelligence. Imagination Cognition and Personality, 9(3), 185-211. https://doi.org/10.2190/dugg-p24e-52wk-6cdg

Sander, D., Grandjean, D., & Scherer, K. R. (2005). A Systems Approach to Appraisal Mechanisms in Emotion. Neural Networks, 18(4), 317-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2005.03.001

Smith, E. (1993). Social Identity and Social Emotions: Toward Nex Conceptualizations of Predjuice. En D. Mackie, D. Hamilton (Eds.). Affect, Cognition and Stereotyping: Interactive Processes in Group Perception (pp. 297-315). San Diego, Estados Unidos: Academic Press.

Ufkes, E. G., Otten, S., Van Der Zee, K. I., Giebels, E., y Dovidio, J. F. (2011b). The Effect of Stereotype Content on Anger versus Contempt in “Day-to-Day” Conflicts. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations/Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 15(1), 57-74. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430211417832

Van Dijk, W., Rotteveel, M., Zech, H., & Van Dillen, L. (2019). The Mobile Approach-Avoidance Task: Emotional Expressions. OSF Registries. http://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/KMH4D

Van Doorn, E. A., van Kleef, G. A. y Fischer, A. H. (2017). The Role of Emotion in Leadership: An Appraisal-Based Framework of Anger and Happiness Use in Influence Attempts. Leadership Quartely, 28(4), 437-448.

Van Kleef, G. A., van Doorn, E. A., Heerdink, M. W.., y Koning, L. F. (2016). Emotion Is for Influence. European Review of Social Psychology, 27(1), 296-331.

Wisse, B. y Rus, D. (2021). Emotions, Power, and Leadership: A Dynamic Perspective. Leadership Quartely, 32(6), 101-493.

Weiner, B. (1980). A Cognitive (Attribution)-Emotionaction Model of Motivated Behavior: An Analysis of Judgments of Help-Giving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 186–200.