Modelización del precio del agua ajustado al consumo real mediante una curva sigmoide:
Una propuesta para España
Palabras clave:
Curva sigmoide, precio, tarifa, agua, algoritmo de Levenberg-MarquardtResumen
La adecuada determinación del precio de facturación del agua es esencial para la sostenibilidad. Los esquemas de facturación suelen basarse en bloques de precio (escalones), para los que se fija una tarifa. En este contexto surge el problema de definir una facturación ajustada en función de la parte correspondiente a la sección variable del precio, que es la dependiente del consumo, porque es ese consumo en el que contribuye a la elasticidad de la demanda. En este trabajo se propone una modelización del precio del agua ajustado al consumo real mediante una curva sigmoide con algoritmo de Levenberg-Marquardt. Esta función se contrasta con datos municipales de tarifas de agua en España, por tratarse de un escenario idóneo con una multitud de tarifas y escalones establecidos en cada municipio. Los resultados muestran que la aplicación de esta función para determinar el precio a facturar en función de consumos reales tiene relevantes implicaciones, ya que permite un mejor ajuste del precio en función del consumo, sin suponer un menoscabo para los ingresos por facturación de agua, ni generar alteraciones significativas para el consumidor. Además, la propuesta de facturación que se realiza permitiría al usuario, por una parte, un mejor conocimiento del consumo vía importe y, por otra parte, posibilitaría que la administración realizara un mejor pronóstico, sobre todo si se incorporara como variable en contadores inteligentes. Asimismo, la propuesta podría suponer un incentivo al ahorro de agua, porque elimina la percepción de tarifa plana implícita en la tarificación por bloques
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