Self-care practices and strategies for well-being in athletes: Systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/riccafd.14.1.2025.20872Keywords:
mental health, adolescence, sports, psychological well-beingAbstract
The aim of this systematic review is to explore the effectiveness of self-care practices in the context of youth sports, with a particular focus on their impact on psychological well-being. Using the PICO methodology, 25 studies were analyzed. The results indicate that strategies such as goal setting, social support, and self-regulation techniques significantly improve both psychological well-being and athletic performance. These findings suggest that self-care can be an effective tool for mitigating the effects of stress and psychological distress associated with sports participation. In conclusion, self-care emerges as a key strategy for promoting mental health in young athletes. Therefore, the development of personalized and culturally adapted research and interventions is crucial to maximize their impact and relevance for this specific group.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Perú. Ministerio de Salud, Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo. Prevención y control de las enfermedades no transmisibles y los trastornos mentales en el Perú. El caso a favor de la inversión [Internet]. 2023 [citado el 24 de octubre de 2023]. Disponible en: https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/54414
Santomauro DF, Herrera AMM, Shadid J, Zheng P, Ashbaugh C, Pigott DM, et al. Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet. el 6 de noviembre de 2021;398(10312):1700–12. Disponible en: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)02143-7/fulltext
Tausch A, E Souza RO, Viciana CM, Cayetano C, Barbosa J, Hennis AJ. Strengthening mental health responses to COVID-19 in the Americas: A health policy analysis and recommendations. Lancet Reg Health Am. enero de 2022;5:100118. Disponible en: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanam/article/PIIS2667-193X(21)00114-9/fulltext
Organización Mundial de la Salud. Salud del adolescente [Internet]. 2024 [citado el 15 de noviembre de 2024]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/health-topics/adolescent-health
Sawyer SM, Azzopardi PS, Wickremarathne D, Patton GC. The age of adolescence. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. marzo de 2018;2(3):223–8. Disponible en: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/article/PIIS2352-4642(18)30075-0/abstract
UNICEF. UNICEF: Para cada infancia. 2020 [citado el 24 de octubre de 2023]. ¿Por qué los adolescentes toman riesgos? Disponible en: https://www.unicef.org/uruguay/crianza/adolescencia/por-que-los-adolescentes-toman-riesgos
Organización Mundial de la Salud. Salud mental del adolescente [Internet]. 2021 [citado el 24 de octubre de 2023]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health
American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Sports, Watson D. Salud mental en atletas adolescentes [Internet]. 2022 [citado el 19 de septiembre de 2023]. Disponible en: https://www.healthychildren.org/Spanish/healthy-living/sports/Paginas/mental-health-in-teen-athletes.aspx#:~:text=De%20hecho%2C%20algunos%20aspectos%20de,de%20sufrir%20una%20enfermedad%20mental
Casañas R, Lalucat L. Promoción de la salud y bienestar emocional en los adolescentes. Revista de Estudios de Juventud. 2019;(121):117–32. Disponible en: https://www.injuve.es/sites/default/files/adjuntos/2019/06/7._promocion_de_la_salud_mental_prevencion_de_los_trastornos_mentales_y_lucha_contra_el_estigma._estrategias_y_recursos_para_la_alfabetizacion_emocional_de_los_adolescentes.pdf
Granz HL, Schnell A, Mayer J, Thiel A. Risk profiles for athlete burnout in adolescent elite athletes: A classification analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. el 1 de marzo de 2019;41:130–41. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.11.005
Liddle SK, Vella SA, Deane FP. Attitudes about mental illness and help seeking among adolescent males. Psychiatry Research. el 1 de julio de 2021;301:113965. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113965
Carranza ED, Nedrick GA. Programa de autocuidado para el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de atletas universitarios. Enfermería Actual en Costa Rica [Internet]. 2013 [citado el 24 de octubre de 2023];(25). Disponible en: https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/enfermeria/article/view/11838
Schubring A, Hallten M, Barker-Ruchti N, Post A. Balancing risk-taking and self-care: The ecology of athlete health behaviour during the Olympic qualification phase. Int Rev Sociol Sport. diciembre de 2023;58(8):1326–48. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/10126902231168098
Orem DE, Vardiman EM. Orem’s nursing theory and positive mental health: practical considerations. Nurs Sci Q. 1995;8(4):165–73. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/089431849500800407
Hernández YN, Pacheco JAC, Larreynaga MR. La teoría Déficit de autocuidado: Dorothea Elizabeth Orem. Gaceta Médica Espirituana [Internet]. 2017 [citado el 24 de octubre de 2023];19(3). Disponible en: https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumen.cgi?IDARTICULO=77397
Hidalgo SIG. Prácticas deportivas que promueven la apropiación del autocuidado con niños de 6 a 10 [Licenciatura]. [Bogotá]: Universidad Pedagógica Nacional; 2020. Disponible en: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/13245
Duarte-Carranza E, Anderson-Nedrick G. Programa de autocuidado para el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de atletas universitarios. Revista Enfermería Actual de Costa Rica. 2013;25:1–13. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.15517/revenf.v0i25.11838
Bronfenbrenner U. The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design. Harvard University Press; 1979. 352 p. Disponible en: https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674224575
Tobón O. El autocuidado una habilidad para vivir | Hacia la Promoción de la Salud. 2003;8:38–50. Disponible en: https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/hacialapromociondelasalud/article/view/1870/1786
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. Declaración PRISMA 2020: una guía actualizada para la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas. Revista Española de Cardiología. septiembre de 2021;74(9):790–9. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recesp.2021.06.016
Pardal-Refoyo JL, Pardal-Peláez B. Anotaciones para estructurar una revisión sistemática. ORL. el 14 de abril de 2020;11(2):155–60. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.14201/orl.22882.
Penno J, Hetrick S, Christie G. “Goals Give You Hope”: An Exploration of Goal Setting in Young People Experiencing Mental Health Challenges. el 26 de julio de 2022 [citado el 29 de agosto de 2024]; Disponible en: https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/handle/2292/61226
Evers AG, Somogie JA, Wong IL, Allen JD, Cuevas AG. The Adaptation and Evaluation of a Pilot Mindfulness Intervention Promoting Mental Health in Student Athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology. septiembre de 2021;15(3):206–26. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2019-0083
Liu G, Zeng L, Tao Y. Correlation between mental quality and training intensity in university swimmers. Rev Bras Med Esporte. el 24 de octubre de 2022;29:e2022_0370. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0370
Rochniak A, Kostikova I, Karyna F, Khomulenko T, Tymur A, Viediernikova T, et al. Effect of young basketball players’ self-regulation on their psychological indicators. Journal of Physical Education & Sport. mayo de 2020;20(3):1606–12. Disponible en: http://dspace.hnpu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3868
Rodriguez MM, Barajas DD. Bienestar psicológico en adolescentes en situación de vulnerabilidad: impacto de redes de apoyo social. Revista Electrónica Sobre Cuerpos Académicos y Grupos de Investigación. el 8 de julio de 2020;7(14):253–78. Disponible en: https://mail.cagi.org.mx/index.php/CAGI/article/view/225
Roberts RJ, Lane AM. Mood Responses and Regulation Strategies Used During COVID-19 Among Boxers and Coaches. Front Psychol. el 5 de marzo de 2021;12:624119. Disponible en: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.624119
Simons EE, Bird MD. Coach-athlete relationship, social support, and sport-related psychological well-being in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes. Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education. el 2 de septiembre de 2023;17(3):191–210. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/19357397.2022.2060703
Kuhlin F, Barker-Ruchti N, Stewart C. Long-term impact of the coach-athlete relationship on development, health, and wellbeing: stories from a figure skater. Sports Coach Rev. el 3 de mayo de 2020;9(2):208–30. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/21640629.2019.1620016
Sheridan D, Coffee P, Lavallee D. A systematic review of social support in youth sport. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. el 1 de enero de 2014;7(1):198–228. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2014.931999
Myall K, Montero-Marin J, Gorczynski P, Kajee N, Sheriff RS, Bernard R, et al. Effect of mindfulness-based programmes on elite athlete mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. el 1 de enero de 2023;57(2):99–108. Disponible en: https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/57/2/99
Pawsey F. Sport coaches, mindfulness, and daily life: The role of mindfulness in promoting wellbeing. [Doctorado]. University of Canterbury; 2019. Disponible en: https://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/server/api/core/bitstreams/0160ed3b-bbaf-41f0-8bf2-992857b59e8c/content
Josefsson T, Ivarsson A, Gustafsson H, Stenling A, Lindwall M, Tornberg R, et al. Effects of Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) on Sport-Specific Dispositional Mindfulness, Emotion Regulation, and Self-Rated Athletic Performance in a Multiple-Sport Population: an RCT Study. Mindfulness. el 1 de agosto de 2019;10(8):1518–29. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01098-7
Campos JG, Silva MP da, Piola TS, Pacífico AB, Malta Neto NA, Campos W de. Sports participation associated with health risk behaviors in adolescent athletes. Rev Bras Med Esporte. el 29 de julio de 2020;26:317–22. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220202604222870
Poucher ZA, Tamminen KA, Kerr G. Olympic and Paralympic athletes’ perceptions of the Canadian sport environment and mental health. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health. el 3 de septiembre de 2023;15(5):636–53. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2023.2187443
Beauchemin J. College Student-Athlete Wellness: An Integrative Outreach Model. College Student Journal. Summer de 2014;48(2):268–80. Disponible en: https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/prin/csj/2014/00000048/00000002/art00012
Dubuc-Charbonneau N, Durand-Bush N. Moving to Action: The Effects of a Self- Regulation Intervention on the Stress, Burnout, Well-Being, and Self-Regulation Capacity Levels of University Student-Athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology. junio de 2015;9(2):173–92. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2014-0036
Lasnier J, Durand-Bush N. The Impact of an Online Sport Psychology Intervention for Middle-Distance Runners: Should Self-Regulation or Mindfulness Be Prioritized? Sport Psychologist. diciembre de 2022;36(4):293–303. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2021-0180
Lundqvist C, Schary DP, Eklöf E, Zand S, Jacobsson J. Elite lean athletes at sports high schools face multiple risks for mental health concerns and are in need of psychosocial support. PLoS ONE. 2023;18(4 April). Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284725
Young RD, Neil ER, Eberman LE, Armstrong TA, Winkelmann ZK. Experiences of Current National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Collegiate Student-Athletes With Mental Health Resources. Journal of Athletic Training (Allen Press). septiembre de 2023;58(9):704–14. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0180.22
Noriega Montufar BS, Rodríguez Rodríguez RE, López Estrada IA, Buchí Guaré CS, Felisa Girón Hernández MH, Del Cid Flores MA. Importancia del Contexto Social para la Investigación. RevSEP. el 19 de enero de 2022;4(1):77–84. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.36958/sep.v4i1.77
Fernández MDG. Evaluación psicológica en el deporte: aspectos metodológicos y prácticos. Papeles del Psicólogo. 2010;31(3):250–8. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/778/77815136004.pdf
López Alonso SR, Morales Asencio JM. ¿Para qué se administran las escalas, cuestionarios, tests e índices? Index de Enfermería. 2005;14(48–49):7–8. Disponible en: https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?pid=S1132-12962005000100001&script=sci_arttext
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All the contents published in Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte are subject to the Creative Commons Reconocimento-NoComercia-Compartirigual 4.0 license, the full text of which can be found at <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0>
They may be copied, used, disseminated, transmitted and publicly exposed, provided that:
The authorship and original source of your publication (Journal, editorial and URL of the work) are cited.
They are not used for commercial purposes.
The existence and specifications of this use license are mentioned.
Copyright is of two kinds: moral rights and patrimonial rights. Moral rights are perpetual, inalienable, inalienable, inalienable, inalienable and imprescriptible prerogatives.
In accordance with copyright legislation, Revista Eviterna recognizes and respects the moral rights of the authors, as well as the ownership of the economic right, which will be transferred to the University of Malaga for dissemination in open access.
The economic rights refer to the benefits obtained by the use or disclosure of the works. Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte is published in open access and is exclusively authorized to carry out or authorize by any means the use, distribution, disclosure, reproduction, adaptation, translation or transformation of the work.
It is the responsibility of the authors to obtain the necessary permissions of the images that are subject to copyright.
9.png)
