Forthcoming

On Children’s Moral Status: Beyond the Notion of Moral Agency

Authors

  • Mar Cabezas Universidad de Salamanca Spain

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/contrastes.31.1.2026.19335

Keywords:

rationality, moral awareness, dualism, responsability
Agencies: MICIN

Abstract

I explore the consequences and limitations of the notion of moral agency applied to childhood by pointing out 1) how even an adult-centric position on moral agency would have to consider children as moral agents since they meet its criteria of autonomy, responsibility and moral awareness; 2) how other argumentative strategies focused on the notion of person or gradual concepts are also problematic. Thus, I suggest shifting the focus to the specific conditions of an action to avoid both the adultization of children and the belittling of their moral experiences qua children, which may be fruitful for an ethics of childhood.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Publication Facts

Metric
This article
Other articles
Peer reviewers 
2
2.4

Reviewer profiles  N/A

Author statements

Author statements
This article
Other articles
Data availability 
N/A
16%
External funding 
N/A
32%
Competing interests 
N/A
11%
Metric
This journal
Other journals
Articles accepted 
12%
33%
Days to publication 
618
145

Indexed in

Editor & editorial board
profiles
Academic society 
N/A
Publisher 
Universidad de Málaga

References

ARCHARD, D. & MCLEOD, C. (Eds). (2002), The moral and political status of children. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.

BJÖRNSSON, G. (2017), «Explaining (Away) the Epistemic Condition on Moral Responsibility», in P. Robichaud, J. Wieland (eds.), Responsibility: The Epistemic Condition. Oxford: Oxford Academic, pp. 146–162. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779667.003.0008

CARNEVALE, F. (2016), «Recognizing the voice of the child: Developing a new paradigm for childhood ethics», Bioética Complutensa, 26, pp. 20-25.

CARNEVALE, F. (2020), «A “thick” conception of children’s voices: A hermeneutical framework for childhood research». International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, pp. 1-9. doi: 10.1177/1609406920933767

COLBURN, B. (2010), Autonomy and liberalism (Vol. 19). New York: Routledge.

COLBURN, B. (2023), The Routledge Handbook of Autonomy. New York: Taylor and Francis.

DAMASIO, A. (2005), Descartes' Error: Reason. Emotion, and the Human Brain. (Reprinted edition). London: Penguin.

DEGRAZIA, D. (1997), «Great Apes, Dolphins, and the Concept of Personhood», Southern Journal of Philosophy, 35, pp. 301-20.

FINKEL, N. J., M. B. LISS, & V. MORAN (1997), «Equal or proportional justice for accessories? Children's pearls of proportionate wisdom», Journal of applied developmental psychology, 18(2), pp. 229-244.

FISCHER, J. M. & M. RAVIZZA (1998), Responsibility and Control: A Theory of Moral Responsibility, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511814594

FRANCIONE, G. (2005), «Animals- Property or persons?», in C. Sunstein and M. Nussbaum (eds.), Animal rights: Current debates and new directions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.108-142.

FREEMAN, M. (1996), «Children’s education; a test case for best interests and autonomy», in R. Davie & G. Galloway (eds.), Listening to children in education. London: David Fulton, pp. 29-48.

GOODPASTER, K. (1978), «On Being Morally Considerable», Journal of Philosophy, 75, pp. 308-325.

HAIDT, J. (2001), «The emotional dog and its rational tail: a social intuitionist approach to moral judgment», Psychological review,108(4), pp. 814.

HOOKWAY, C. (2010), «Some varieties of epistemic injustice: Reflections on Fricker», Episteme, 7/2, pp. 151-63.

HORTA, O. (2017), «Why the concept of moral status should be abandoned», Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 20, pp. 899-910.

JACOBS, J. (2003), «Some tensions between autonomy and self-governance», Social Philosophy and Policy, 20(2), pp. 221-244.

UN (1989), Convention on the Rights of the Child. [Retrieved from http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm]

LEVY, N. (2011), Hard Luck: How Luck Undermines Free Will and Moral Responsibility. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

LEWIS, M., M. W. SULLIVAN, C. STANGER & M. WEISS (1989), «Self-development and self-conscious emotions», Child development, 6(1), pp. 146-156.

LUNDY, L. (2007), «‘Voice’ is not enough: conceptualising Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child». British educational research journal, 33(6), pp. 927-942.

MCLEOD, C. (2015), «Agency, Authority and the Vulnerability of Children», in A. Bagattini & C. Macleod (eds.), The Nature of Children’s Well-Being: Theory and Practice. New York: Springer, pp. 53-64.

MASCOLO, M. F. & K. W. FISCHER (1995), «Developmental transformations in appraisals for pride, shame, and guilt», in J. Tangney & K. Fischer (eds.), Self-conscious emotions: The psychology of shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride (pp. 64-113). New Work: The Guildford Press.

MELE, A. (1995), Autonomous Agents: From Self-Control to Autonomy. New York: Oxford University Press.

MELE, A. (2010), «Moral Responsibility for Actions: Epistemic and Freedom Conditions», Philosophical Explorations, 13(2), pp. 101–111. doi:10.1080/13869790903494556

MELO, M. & F. SCHILLING (2021), «Childhood and the (un)speakable: ubuesco power, resistance and the possibility of justice», Childhood and philosophy,17, pp. 1-27. https://doi.org/10.12957/childphilo.2021.56126.

MONTREUIL, M., C. NORONHA, N. FLORIANI & F. CARNEVALE (2018), «Children’s moral agency: An interdisciplinary scoping review», Journal of Childhood Studies, 43(2), pp. 17-30. https://doi.org/10.18357/jcs.v43i2.18575.

MOORE, C., J. MEALIEA, N. GARON & D. POVINELLI (2007), «The development of body self‐awareness». Infancy, 11(2), pp. 157-174.

MOSTERÍN, J. (1978), Racionalidad y acción humana. Madrid: Alianza.

MOYA, C. J. (2001), «Emociones, racionalidad y responsabilidad». Contrastes. Revista interdisciplinar de Filosofía, Sup.VI, pp. 241-255.

MULLIN, A. (2023), «Children and autonomy», in B. Colburn (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Autonomy. New York: Taylor and Francis, pp. 412-421.

PARFIT, D. (2011), On what matters. Volume One. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

SCHMITZ, R. M. & K. A. TYLER. (2016), «Growing up before their time: The early adultification experiences of homeless young people», Children and youth services review, 64, pp.15-22.

STRAWSON, P. F. (1962), «Freedom and Resentment», Proceedings of the British Academy, 48, pp. 1–25.

TAVRIS, C. & ARONSON, E. (2007), Mistakes were made (but not by me). Why we justify foolish beliefs, bad decisions, and hurtful acts. New York: Harcourt.

WATSON, G. (2004), «Responsibility and the Limits of Evil: Variations on a Strawsonian Theme», in G. Watson (ed.), Agency and Answerability: Selected Essays. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 219-259.

WOLF, S. (1987), «Sanity and the Metaphysics of Responsibility». in F. Schoeman, Responsibility, Character, and the Emotions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 46–62.

WOLF, S. (1990), Freedom Within Reason. New York: Oxford University Press.

Published

2025-11-21

How to Cite

Cabezas, M. (2025). On Children’s Moral Status: Beyond the Notion of Moral Agency. Contrastes. Revista Internacional De Filosofía. https://doi.org/10.24310/contrastes.31.1.2026.19335

Issue

Section

ARTICLES