Biological nitrogen fixation: a sustainable way of food production

Authors

  • Rosa María Esquinas Ariza Spain
  • Ángela Román Fernández Spain
  • Manuel Matamoros Galindo Spain

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/enbio.17.188.2025.18309

Keywords:

Legumes, nitrogen fixation, rhizobium, endosymbiosis, nitrogenase, fertilizers

Abstract

Abstract: Nitrogen gas or dinitrogen (N2) represents about 78% of air, but cannot be used by most organisms. Only the oxidized forms like nitrate (NO3-) or the reduced forms like ammonium (NH4+) can be assimilated by plants. Many legumes can establish symbiotic relationships with soil nitrogen-fixing bacteria, collectively known as rhizobia, which allows them to reduce N2 to ammonia in nodules. Biological nitrogen fixation may be an alternative to the use of industrial fertilizers, which are costly to produce and cause numerous environmental problems such as the greenhouse effect and soil and water pollution.

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Published

2025-02-18 — Updated on 2025-02-19

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How to Cite

Esquinas Ariza, R. M., Román Fernández, Ángela, & Matamoros Galindo, M. (2025). Biological nitrogen fixation: a sustainable way of food production . Encuentros En La Biología, 17(188). https://doi.org/10.24310/enbio.17.188.2025.18309 (Original work published February 18, 2025)