The Practicum as a laboratory for critical literacy in Artificial Intelligence: a theoretical-propositional study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/rep.10.2.2025.22868Keywords:
Inteligencia artificial, Eduación superior, formación profesional, ética de la educación, prácticas profesionalesAbstract
The article analyses the role of university practicums in a context marked by the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI), proposing this technology as a laboratory for critical literacy. From a theoretical and propositional approach, it examines the transformations that AI introduces in practical training and in the construction of professional identity. The methodology is based on a systematic review of scientific literature and international regulatory frameworks, as well as an interpretative analysis aimed at developing a conceptual model. The results lead to a model structured around three axes: AI-mediated training dynamics, emerging professional competencies, and deliberative spaces. The discussion highlights the need to integrate AI from an ethical and critical perspective, emphasising the Practicum as a strategic space for developing professional agency, ethical reflection, and critical judgement in higher education.
Downloads
References
Biesta, G., Priestley, M. y Robinson, S. (2015). The role of beliefs in teacher agency. Teachers and Teaching, 21(6), 624–640. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2015.1044325 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2015.1044325
Brynjolfsson, E. y McAfee, A. (2014). The Second Machine Age: Work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies. W. W. Norton & Company.
Cebrián, M., y Pérez-Torregrosa, A. B. (2024). La inteligencia artificial y su contribución a los ePortafolios en el Prácticum. Revista Prácticum, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.24310/rep.9.2.2024.20495 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24310/rep.9.2.2024.20495
Cotton, D. R. E., Cotton, P. A., y Shipway, J. R. (2023). Chatting and cheating: Ensuring academic integrity in the era of ChatGPT. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 61(2), 228–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2023.2190148 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2023.2190148
Delshorts, A., y Brasó Rius, J. (2025). Implementación de una propuesta de feedback con inteligencia artificial (IA) para mejorar el prácticum en centros educativos. Revista Practicum, 10(1), 16–32. https://doi.org/10.24310/rep.10.1.2025.21418 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24310/rep.10.1.2025.21418
Floridi, L. (2019). The Logic of Information: A theory of philosophy as conceptual design. Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833635.001.0001
García-Peñalvo, F. J. (2021). Avoiding the dark side of digital transformation in teaching: Artificial Intelligence, Learning Analytics and ethics. Education in the Knowledge Society, 22, e23623. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks.23623 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14201/eks.23623
Hsu, H.-P., Mak, J., Werner, J., White-Taylor, J., Wu, S. y Martin, F. (2024). Preliminary study on pre-service teachers’ applications and perceptions of generative AI for lesson planning. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 32(3), 409–437. https://doi.org/10.70725/897776dkibzu DOI: https://doi.org/10.70725/869859beoezu
Knox, J. (2020). Artificial intelligence and education in China. Learning, Media and Technology, 45(3), 298–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2020.1754236 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2020.1754236
L’Enfant, J. (2024). AI as a reflective coach in graduate ESL practicum: Activity Theory insights into student-teacher development. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning, 26(s1). https://doi.org/10.2478/eurodl-2024-0003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/eurodl-2024-0003
Lluch Molins, L., Masdeu Yélamos, E. y Selva Olid, C. (2025). Repensar el Prácticum en la era de la IA: Usos, potencialidades y riesgos hacia una integración crítica. Revista Prácticum, 10(1), 99-111. https://doi.org/10.24310/rep.10.1.2025.21947 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24310/rep.10.1.2025.21947
Long, D., y Magerko, B. (2020). What is AI literacy? Competencies and design considerations. Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376727 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376727
Luckin, R., Holmes, W., Griffiths, M., & Forcier, L. B. (2016). Intelligence unleashed: An argument for AI in education. Pearson Education. Disponible en: https://www.pearson.com/content/dam/one-dot-com/one-dot-com/global/Files/about-pearson/innovation/open-ideas/Intelligence_Unleashed_Published.pdf
Marín-Díaz, V., y Salinas, J. (2023). La pedagogía crítica ante la irrupción de la inteligencia artificial en la docencia universitaria. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación a Distancia, 26(1), 143–164. https://doi.org/10.5944/ried.26.1.34560
Relay Graduate School of Education. (2024). Teacher simulations and AI: A practical guide for supporting reflective teaching. Relay Publications. https://relay.edu/research/ai-simulations-2024
Saiz-Linares, A., & Ceballos-López, N. (2019). El Prácticum de magisterio a examen: reflexiones de un grupo de estudiantes de la Universidad de Cantabria. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación Superior, 10(27), 136–150. https://doi.org/10.22201/iisue.20072872e.2019.27.344 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22201/iisue.20072872e.2019.27.344
Selva, C., y Pina, R. (Coords.). (2024). La ética en la práctica psicológica: Dilemas y retos. Editorial UOC.
Selva Olid, C., Vall-llovera, M., Terrado Mejías, C. y Bové Andreu, A. (2022). Perspectiva del estudiantado ante un nuevo escenario educativo para el Prácticum mediante e-actividades. Revista de Docencia Universitaria, 20(1), 17-33. https://doi.org/10.4995/redu.2022.16886 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4995/redu.2022.16886
Selwyn, N. (2022). Should robots replace teachers? AI and the future of education. Polity Press.
UNESCO. (2021). Inteligencia artificial y educación: Guía para las personas a cargo de formular políticas. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000377071
UNESCO. (2023). Recommendation on the ethics of artificial intelligence: Implementation guidelines. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381137
Williamson, B. (2017). Big Data in Education: The digital future of learning, policy and practice. SAGE. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529714920
Williamson, B. y Eynon, R. (2020). Historical threads, missing strands, and future patterns in AI in education. Learning, Media and Technology, 45(3), 223–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2020.1798995 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2020.1798995
Zabalza, M. A. (2016). El Prácticum y las prácticas externas en la formación universitaria. Revista Prácticum, 1(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.24310/RevPracticumrep.v1i1.8254 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24310/RevPracticumrep.v1i1.8254
Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education: Where are the educators? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16, 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0
Downloads
Published
Dimensions
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Clara Selva Olid, Eduard Masdeu Yélamos (Autor/a)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Acceptance of the work implies that the author grants Revista Prácticum the exclusive rights to reproduce, distribute and sell his or her work worldwide, both in digital and paper formats, CD-ROM, etc.
Likewise, the authors shall grant Revista Prácticum the rights of dissemination, public communication on the Internet and IT networks, data buses, as well as any other portals or electronic devices for online consultation of its contents and extracts, under the conditions of the portal, repositories or databases where the work is stored.
Revista Prácticum allows authors to publish and disseminate their articles and works on their personal websites, research teams, institutional repositories and scientific databases. All this in accordance with the Creative Commons 4.0 License
8.png)

