On free will
Luther, Suárez, Hegel
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/stheg.11.2025.21376Keywords:
Freedom, Will, Fraternity, Francisco Suárez, Marthin Luther, Robert SternAbstract
This article examines the relationship between Hegel and the scholastic tradition, challenging Robert Stern’s thesis of a Lutheran influence on Hegel regarding the rejection of free will. I argue, instead, that Hegel’s notion of freedom finds a stronger precedent in the philosophy of Francisco Suárez (1548–1617). While Lutheranism causally links intellect, will, and God—thus denying human free will—Suárez defends the self-causation of the will. My study concludes that Hegel aligns more closely with Suárez’s conception of free will, providing a foundation for future research on the connection between Suárez and Hegel.
Downloads
Metrics
Publication Facts
Reviewer profiles N/A
Author statements
Indexed in
-
—
- Editor & editorial board
- profiles
- Academic society
- N/A
- Publisher
- Universidad de Málaga
To learn about these publication facts, click 
PF is maintained by the Public Knowledge Project
References
Aichelle, A. y Kaufmann, M. (eds.) A Companion to Luis de Molina. Brill, 2013, p. 43.
Aquino, Tomás. Summa of the Summa. Edición de Peter Kreeft. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1990.
Aristóteles. Física. Traducción de Guillermo R. De Echandía. Madrid: Gredos, 1995.
Báñez, Domingo. Domingo Báñez y las Controversias sobre la Gracia. Textos y Documentos. Traducción de Vicente Beltrán de Heredia. Madrid: Fundación Ignacio Larramendi, 2012.
Báñez, Domingo. Predestinación y Libertad. Escritos entorno a la Controversia De Auxiliis. Traducción de David Torrijos. Navarra: Eunsa, 2021.
Croce, Benedetto. La Historia como Hazaña de la Libertad. Traducción de Enrique Díez-Canedo. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2005.
Esposito, Costantino. “Francisco Suárez: la natura, la grazia e la causa della libertà.” Anuario Filosofico 47/1 (2014), 119-148.
Fernández, Santiago. “Francisco Suárez: Teólogo y filósofo del humanismo renacentista.” Espiritu XLII (1993), 45-54.
Gilson, Étienne. L’Être et l’Essence. Paris: Librarie Philosophique J. Vrin, 1962.
Hegel, G.W.F. Gesammelte Werke. Hamburg: Felix Meiner, 1968ff.
Hegel, G.W.F. Principios de la Filosofía del Derecho. Traducción de Juan Luis Vermal. Barcelona: Edhasa, 1999.
Hegel, G.W.F. Fenomenología del Espíritu. Edición bilingüe de Antonio Gómez Ramos. Madrid: Abada, 2010.
Hegel, G.W.F. Enciclopedia de las Ciencias Filosóficas. Edición bilingüe de Ramón Valls Plana Madrid: Abada, 2017.
Iriarte, Joaquín S.J., “La proyección sobre Europa de una gran metafísica, o Suárez en la filosofía de los días del barroco.” En Razón y Fe, 138 (1948), 229-265.
Kauffaman y Achielle (eds). A Companion to Luis de Molina.
Lauer, Quentin. Hegel’s Concept of God. New York: SUNY, 1982.
Lecón, Mauricio. “La voluntad como primer motor creado en Francisco Suárez.” Scientia et Fides 5.1 (2017), 165-186.
López, Antonio. “Causalidad y libertad en Suárez y en la polémica de auxiliis.” LOGOS. Anales del Seminario de Metafísica 3 (2001), 67-100.
Lutero, Martín. Obras Reunidas. 2. El siervo albedrío y otros escritos polémicos. Gabriel Tomás López (ed.). Madrid: Trotta, 2019.
Luther, Martin et al. The Book of Concord. The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Edited by Robert Kolb et al. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 2000.
Matava, R.J. “A Sketch of the Controversy de auxiliis”en Journal of Jesuit Studies 2020, 7. p. 417-446.
Merklinger, Philip. Philosophy, Theology, and Hegel's Berlin Philosophy of Religion, 1821-1827. New York: SUNY, 1993.
Molina, L. Concordia del libre arbitrio con los dones de la gracia y con la presciencia, providencia, predestinación y reprobación divinas. Traducción de Juan Antonio Hevia Echevarría. Oviedo: Pentalfa ediciones, 2007.
Pink, Thomas. Free Will: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Pereira, José. Suárez. Between Scholasticism and Modernity. Wisconsin: Marquette University Press, 2006.
Rocco Lozano, Valerio. “L’eredità nascosta di Suárez nel sistema hegeliano,” en Marco Sgarbi (ed.), Francisco Suárez and his legacy. Milán: Vita Pensiero, 2010.
Stern, Robert. “This Is the Very Essence of the Reformation: Man in His Very Nature Is Destined to be Free. Hegel, Luther, and Freedom.” In Hegel’s Philosophy of Right. Critical Perspectives on Freedom and History, edited by Dean Moyar et al., 45-65. New York: Routledge, 2023.
Suárez, Francisco. De Anima (3 vols). Traducción de Salvador Castellote Cubells. Madrid: Sociedad de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1992.
Suárez, Francisco. Disputaciones Metafísicas. Traducción de Sergio Rábade et al. Madrid: Gredos, 1966.
Suárez, Francisco. The metaphysical demonstration of the existence of God: metaphysical disputations 28-29. Traducción de John P. Doyle. South Bend: St. Augustine’s Press, 2004.
Valero, Juan B. Las bases antropológicas de Pelagio en su tratado de las Expositiones. Madrid: Universidad Pontificia Comillas de Madrid, 1980.
Vieweg, Klaus. The Idealism of Freedom: For a Hegelian Turn in Philosophy. Boston: Brill, 2020.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Cristina Garcia Gonzalez
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This journal provides immediate free access to its content under the principle of making research freely available to the public. All contents published in Studia Hegeliana. Journal of the Spanish Society for Hegelian Studies, are subject to the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 licence (specifically, CC-by-nc-sa), the full text of which can be found at <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0>. Derivative works are therefore permitted as long as they are not used for commercial purposes. The original work may not be used for commercial purposes. The journal is not responsible for the opinions expressed by the authors of the works published in it.
It is the authors' responsibility to obtain the necessary permissions for images that are subject to copyright.
Authors whose contributions are accepted for publication in this journal retain the copyright. It is non-exclusive right to use their contributions for scholarly, research and educational purposes, including self-archiving or deposit in open access repositories of any kind.
Since volume 7 of 2021 the journal Studia Hegeliana has changed the copyright. Since that year the authors have retained the copyright.
The electronic edition of this journal is published by the Editorial de la Universidad de Málaga (UmaEditorial), being necessary to cite the source in any partial or total reproduction.
244.png)
